Ch 4, 5, 6
About this set
Created by:
maryann216 on September 19, 2010
Subjects:
human growth and development- life span development 12th edition
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top, with physical growth in size, weight, and feature differentiation gradually working from top to bottom | Cephalocaudal Pattern |
| pattern of growth that starts at the center of the body, or midline, and moves toward the extremities | Proximodistal Pattern |
| the process through which brain functions are divided between the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex. Language is largely house left hemisphere. | Lateralization |
| brain nerve cells that communicate through electrical and chemical signals | Neurons |
| carry signals away from the cell body | Axons |
| carry signals toward the cell body | Dendrites |
| layer of fat cells that insulate axons | Myelin Sheath |
| sever protien-calorie deficiency, wasting away of body tissue | Marasmus |
| a disease usually appearing between 1 and 3 years of age that is caused by a diet low in protein. Symptoms include an enlarged belly, swollen feet, hair loss, skin rash, and irritable, listless behavior. | Kwashiorkor |
| reflex consisting of head-turning and sucking movements elicited in a normal infant by gently stroking the side of the mouth of cheek | Rooting Reflex |
| inborn reflex, elicited by a sudden noise or loss of support, in which the infant extends its arms, arches its back, and brings its arms toward each other as though attempting to grab hold of something | Moro Reflex |
| Reflex that causes a newborn to grasp vigorously any object touching the palm or fingers or placed in the hand | Grasping Reflex |
| Skills that involve the large muscles of the body, such as those of the legs, arms and torso and the ability to make large movements, such as jumping and running | Gross Motor Skills |
| Skills that involve the smaller muscles of the body, such as those in the fingers where small, precise movements, such as using scissors or writing, are required | Fine Motor Skills |
| the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. Eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin | Sensation |
| the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. What is sensed. | Perception |
| The view that perception functions to bring organisms in contact with the environment and to increase adaptation. | Ecological View |
| an opportunity for perception and interaction that is offered by a person, place or object in the environment | Affordance |
| decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation | Habituation |
| An increase in the strength of a habituated response elicited by a new stimulus. | Dishabituation |
| perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, colour, shape and size) even as illumination and retinal images change | Perceptual Constancy |
| the tendency to perceive the veridical size of a familiar object despite differences in their distance (and consequent differences in the size of the pattern projected on the retina of the eye) | Size Constancy |
| the tendency to perceive the shape of a rigid object as constant despite differences in the viewing angle (and consequent differences in the shape of the pattern projected on the retina of the eye) | Shape Constancy |
| mental systems or categories of perception and experience | Schemes |
| When children use their existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences | Assimilation |
| Occurs when children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account | Accommodation |
| the grouping of isolated behaviors and thoughts inot a higher-order system | Organization |
| The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived. | Object Permanence |
| a learning process in which an organism's behavior becomes dependent on the occurrence of a stimulus in its environment | Conditioning |
| the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others | Attention |
| retention of information over time | Memory |
| feeling or affect that occurs when a persons is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being. | Emotion |
| crying when the caregiver leave | Separation Protest |
| an individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding | Temperament |
| a close emotional bond between two people | Attachment |
| explores environment while using caregiver as a secure base, displays mild discomfort when caregiver leave | Security Attached |
| avoids caregiver, shows no distress/crying when caregiver leave | Insecure Avoidant |
| clings to caregiver and protests loudly and actively if caregiver leaves | Insecure resistant |
| disorientation, extreme fearfulness may be shown even with caregiver | Insecure disorganized |
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