Unit 4: Social Psychology
About this set
Created by:
dguido on September 20, 2010
Subjects:
ap psychology, psychology vocab
Description:
Important terms from the unit on Social Psychology
Classes:
AP Psychology 7th period, Diane's AP Psychology: Terms
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Social Psychology | the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another |
| Conformity | adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard |
| Foot-in-the-door phenomenon | the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request |
| Informational Social Influence | influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality |
| Normative Social Influence | influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval |
| Cognitive Dissonance | state of internal tension brought about by conflicting attitudes and behavior....we often change our attitudes to coincide with our behavior, and thus, reduce the internal discomfort |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition |
| Attribution Theory | the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition |
| Attitude | feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. |
| Central Route to Persuasion | occurs when people think carefully about the message and are influenced because they find the arguments compelling. |
| Peripheral Route to Persuasion | occurs when people do not scrutinize the message but are influenced mostly by other factors such as a speaker's attractiveness or a message's emotional appeal. |
| Role | normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting |
| Role-playing | changing one's behavior to fit into an assigned position or situation |
| Social Facilitation | improved performance of tasks in the presence of others; occurs with simple or well-learned tasks but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered |
| Social Loafing | the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable |
| Deindividuation | the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity |
| Group Polarization | the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through discussion within the group |
| Groupthink | the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives |
| Prejudice | an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members |
| Scapegoat Theory | the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. |
| Stereotype | a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. |
| Discrimination | unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members |
| Social Inequalities | people who have a lot come up with reasons to justify why others are in a bad position |
| In-group | The social group in which you perceive yourself as belonging. |
| Out-group | any group that a person does not belong to or identify with |
| In-group Bias | the tendency to favor one's own group |
| Just-world Phenomenon | the tendency of poeple to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get |
| Vivid Cases | when something is vivid in our minds, we tend to think that it happens more than it really does; this can lead to prejudice |
| Aggression | any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy. |
| Frustration-aggression Principle | the principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger which can generate aggression |
| Social Scripts | mental tapes for how to act, provided by our culture |
| Mere Exposure Effect | the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. |
| Passionate Love | an aroused state of intense positive attraction to another person, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship |
| Companionate Love | the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined |
| Equity | a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it |
| Self-disclosure | revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others |
| Altruism | unselfish concern for the welfare of others; selflessness |
| Bystander Effect | the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present |
| Diffusion of Responsibility | reduction in sense of responsibility often felt by individuals in a group; may be responsible for the bystander effect |
| Social Exchange Theory | our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs |
| Reciprocity Norm | an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. |
| Social Responsibility Norm | the idea that we should care for those dependent on us |
| Conflict | a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas |
| Social Trap | a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior |
| Mirror-image Perceptions | mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive |
| Superordinate Goals | shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation |
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