| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Ulna | Lower arm bone, little finger side |
| Radius | Lower arm bone, thumb side |
| Synovial Joint | Allows wide range of movement, contains synovial fluid |
| Joint Capsule | Connective tissue surrounding joint |
| Synovial Membrane | Lines inside of capsule and secretes fluid |
| Articular Cartilage | Covers end of bones to prevent friction |
| Bursae | Sacs of synovial fluid |
| Ball & Socket Joint | Allows widest range of movement, shoulders and hips only |
| Hinge Joint | Allows flexion and extension e.g. elbow |
| Pivot Joint | Allows rotation e.g. between 1st 2 vertebral bones |
| Flexion | Bending at knee or elbow, raising arm and leg at shoulder and hip along sagittal plane |
| Extension | Straightening at knee or elbow, lowering arm and leg at shoulder and hip along sagittal plane |
| Plantarflexion | Pointing foot at hinge joint of ankle |
| Dorsiflexion | Bring toes towards shin at hinge joint of ankle |
| Horizontal adduction | Moving arm at ball and socket joint of shoulder along transverse plane towards midline of body |
| Horizontal abduction | Moving arm at ball and socket joint of shoulder along transverse plane away from midline of body |
| Anterior deltoid | Front section of shoulder muscle causing horizontal adduction of upper arm |
| Posterior deltoid | Back section of shoulder muscle causing horizontal abduction of upper arm |
| Biceps brachii agonist concentric | Upper arm muscle causing elbow flexion e.g. racquet stroke after contact |
| Triceps brachii agonist concentric | Causes elbow extension e.g. throwing, preparation for racquet stroke, upwards phase of press-up |
| Triceps brachii agonist eccentric | Controls elbow flexion due to gravity e.g. downwards phase of press-up |
| Posterior deltoid agonist concentric | Causes horizontal abduction at shoulder e.g. preparation for forehand racquet stroke |
| Anterior deltoid agonist concentric | upward phase of wide arm press up, forehand racquet stroke contact and follow through |
| Anterior deltoid agonist eccentric | Downward phase of wide arm press-up |
| Gastrocnemius agonist concentric | Calf muscle causing plantarflexion at ankle e.g. in drive phase of running and jumping |
| Tibialis Anterior agonist concentric | Muscle in front of shin causing dorsiflexion at ankle e.g. when landing in recovery phase of running and on landing a jump |
| Quadriceps agonist concentric | Cause knee extension e.g. when jumping, kicking and in drive phase of running |
| Quadriceps agonist eccentric | Controls knee flexion due to gravity e.g. downward phase of squat, preparation and on landing a jump |
| Hamstrings agonist concentric | Cause knee flexion e.g. recovery phase of running, preparation to kick |
| Iliopsoas agonist concentric | Causes hip flexion e.g. kicking, recovery phase of running |
| Gluteus Maximus agonist concentric | Causes hip extension e.g. drive phase of running, preparation for kicking |
| Gluteus Maximus agonist eccentric | Controls hip flexion due to gravity e.g. downward phase of squats |
| Bones articulating at elbow | Humerus, Ulna, Radius |
| Bones articulating at shoulder | Humerus, Clavicle, Scapula |
| Bones articulating at hip | Femur, Pelvis |
| Bones articulating at knee | Femur, Tibia, Patella |
| Bones articulating at ankle | Tibia, Fibula, Metatarsals |
| Synovial fluid | Lubricates and reduces friction between articulating bones |
Combine with other sets
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