Unit 2 - Carbohydrates
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Created by:
DRHS_Biology Plus on September 20, 2010
Subjects:
Classes:
Shupe Biology, Mrs. Shupe's Biology
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 carbohydrates | organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (always in a 1:2:1 ratio) |
| monosaccharide | simple sugars |
| monosaccharide | the monomer of carbohydrates |
| glucose | a monosaccharide that is made during photosynthesis and broken down during cellular respiration |
| galactose | a monosaccharide found in milk |
| fructose | a monosaccharide found in fruit; it is the sweetest sugar |
| disaccharide | a double sugar |
| sucrose | this disaccharide is made of fructose and glucose |
| sucrose | this disaccharide is also known as table sugar |
| lactose intolerance | the body cannot easily digest lactose, some symptoms are bloating, pain, gas, diarrhea, and throwing up |
| polysaccharide | 3 or more monosaccharides linked together |
| glycogen | a polysaccharide that is known as "animal starch" and it is stored in the liver |
| starch | a polysaccharide that is a storage molecule for plants |
| cellulose | a polysaccharide that gives plants their strength; it is also dietary fiber |
| polysaccharide | What type of carbohydrate is cellulose? |
| monosaccharide | What type of carbohydrate is glucose? |
| monosaccharide | What type of carbohydrate is fructose? |
| monosaccharide | What type of carbohydrate is galactose? |
| disaccharide | What type of carbohydrate is sucrose? |
| disaccharide | What type of carbohydrate is lactose? |
| fructose and glucose | Sucrose is made up of what two sugars (put them in alphabetical order with the word and between them) |
| galactose and glucose | Lactose is made up of what two sugars (put them in alphabetical order with the word and between them) |
| liver | Where is the polysaccharide glycogen stored in the body? |
| chemical reaction | a process that changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another |
| reactants | compounds that enter into a reaction (are located on the left side of the equation) |
| products | the compounds that are located on the right side of the equation in a chemical reaction |
| dehydration | removing water |
| synthesis | putting things together |
| dehydration synthesis | the process where water is removed to put two smaller molecules together |
| dehydration synthesis | C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆ yields C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ What type of reaction is this? |
| hydrolysis | C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ yields C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆ What type of reaction is this? |
| hydro | A prefix that means water |
| lysis | to break apart |
| hydrolysis | process where water is added to break a larger molecule into smaller molecules |
| hydrolysis | Sucrose YIELDS Glucose + Fructose; what type of reaction is this |
| sucrose | C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ yields C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆; What are/ is the reactant(s) in this equation (write the word/s not the formula)? |
| glucose and fructose | C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ yields C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆; What are/ is the products(s) in this equation (write the word/s not the formula)? |
| benedicts | This solution tests for monosaccharides |
| iodine | This solution tests for polysaccharides |
| polysaccharides | Iodine is used to test for what carbohydrate? |
| no change | How do you know if you have a disaccharide |
| monosacharide | Benedicts is used to test for what carbohydrate? |
| turns orange | How do you know if a benedicts test (test for monosacharides) is positive? |
| turns black | How do you know if the iodine test that tests for polysaccharides is positive? |
| cellulose | The complex carbohydrate __________ also called fiber helps to keep water and food moving through your digestive and excretory systems |
| cellulose | This complex carbohydrate/polysaccharide is not able to be broken down by your digestive system |
| weight gain | At 16 calories per teaspoon, consuming large quantities of sugary food can contribute to __________ ___________ while providing only limited amounts of nutrients |
| carbon, hydrogen, oxygen | Carbohydrates are made up of what three elements (put them in alphabetical order with commas in-between) |
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