AP week 4 swed

Terms	Definitions
Intercostal Space	Space Between the Ribs
Costal Cartilage	Anterior aspect made of Hayline Cartilage between ribs and sternum & ribs and ribs ( which is tough but flexible)
Sternoclavicular Joint	Synovial Saddle Joint - the Articulation of the Clavicles and the Clavicular Notchs of the Sternum (Elevation, Depression, Protaction, Retraction, Upper & Downward Rotation)
Xiphoid Process	Inferior Aspect made of Cartilage, Attachment for the Diaphragm & Adbominal Muscles. Located directly over the liver
Sternal Angle	Symphysis Joint found between the Body and Manubrium (a joint whithin a bone) allows for slight hinge when breathing
Arthrology	the Study of Joints
Kinesiology	the Study of Movement
Movements in the Sagittal Plain	Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension, Dorsiflection, Plantarflextion
Flexion	A Forward or Anterior Movement of a Bone. Usually Bringing the Anterior surfaces closer together. Except at the knee when its the Posterior surfaces. in the Sagittal Plain
Extension	the Return to Anatomical Position from Flexion or Hyperextension. in the Sagittal Plain
Hyperextension	Extension beyond Anatomical Position. in the Sagittal Plain
Dorsiflexion	at the Ankle, Superior Movement of the foot at the Ankle Joint (like walking on your heels with toes lifted). in the Sagittal Plain
Plantar Flexion	at the Ankle, Downward Movement of the foot at the Ankle Joint (like when you tippy toe). in the Sagittal Plain
Movement in the Coronal Plane	ABduction, ADduction, Radial Deviation, Ulnar Deviation, Lateral Flexion
ABduction	Movement Away from the Midline of the body. in the Coronal Plane
ADduction	Movement Toward the Midline of the body. in the Coronal Plane
Radial Deviation	at the Wrist - away from the Midline. in the Coronal Plane
Ulnar Deviation	at the Wrist - toward the Midline. in the Coronal Plane
Lateral Flexion	bending of the vertebral column toward the right or left. in the Coronal Plane
Movements in the Transverse Plane	Rotation, Supination, Pronation, Horizontal ABduction, Horizontal ADduction
Rotation	a Bone Spins on its own Axis or the Axis of another Bone. in the Transverse Plane
Lateral Rotation (external)	anterior surface Moves Away from the Midline. in the Transverse Plane
Medial Rotation (internal)	anterior surface Moves Towards the Midline. in the Transverse Plane
Supination	Rotation of the Forearm so palm faces Anteriorly (palm up). in the Transverse Plane
Pronation	Rotation of the Forearm so palm faces Posteriorly (palm down). in the Transverse Plane
Horizontal ABduction	Movement in a Horizontal Plane Away from the Midline. in the Transverse Plane
Horizontal ADduction	Movement in a Horizontal Plane Towards Midline (hugging). in the Transverse Plane
Special Movements	Circumduction, Inversion, Eversion
Circumduction	the Distal end of a bone draws a circle in the air while the proximal end remains Stationary ( combination of flexion, extension, abduction , adduction)
True Circumduction	Involves one Joint drawing circles in the air in Special Movements (thumbs)
False Circumduction	Involves more than one Joint drawing circles in the air in Special Movements
Inversion	Movement of the Foot at the intertarsal joint, Plantar surface of the foot moves toward the midline. in Special Movements
Eversion	Movement of the Foot at the intertarsal joint, Plantar surface of the foot moves away from the midline. in Special Movements
Movements of the Shoulder Girdle, Mandible, Hyoid and Ribs	Elevation & Depression only in the Shoulder Girdle, Mandible, Hyoid and Ribs
Elevation	movement in a superior direction only in the Shoulder Girdle, Mandible, Hyoid and Ribs
Depression	movement in an inferior direction only in the Shoulder Girdle, Mandible, Hyoid and Ribs
Movements of the Shoulder Girdle & Mandible	Protaction & Retraction
Protraction	Movement in an Anterior Direction only in the Shoulder Girdle & Mandible
Retraction	Movement in an Posterior Direction only in the Shoulder Girdle & Mandible
Movement for the Shoulder Girdle only	Upward Rotation & Downward Rotation only in the Shoulder Girdle
Upward Rotation	Rotation of the Scapula Around its Axis of rotation so the the lateral angle moves superiorly and inferior angle moves laterally only in the Shoulder Girdle
Downward Rotation	Returning to Anatomical Position from Upward Rotation only in the Shoulder Girdle
Fibrous Joints	Binding substance is Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue (DFCT)
Structural Classification of Joints (What is the binding substance of joints?)	Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
Types of Fibrous Joints	Sutures, Gomphosis, Syndesmosis
Sutures	Fibrous Joint found only in the Skull
Gomphosis	Fibrous Joint found between the tooth & its Sockets (Alveolus)
Syndesmosis	Fibrous Joint who's binding substance is Ligament Only (Distal tibiofibular Joint aka. Ankle)
Types of Cartilaginous Joints	Symphysis & Synchondrosis are what types of joint
Cartilaginous Joint	Binding Substance is a type of Cartilage
Symphysis Joint	Cartilaginous Joint who's binding substance is Fibrocartilage only (Anterior intervertebral jts, pubic symphysis, sacrococcygeal jt, sternal angle jt.)
Synchondrosis Joint	Cartilaginous Joint who's binding substance is Hayline Cartilage only (1st Sternocostal jt)
Features of the Synovial Joint	Articular Cartilage, Joint Cavity, Periosteum, Fibrous Layer, Synovial Membrane
Articular Cartilage	Hayline Cartilage that covers the ends of the bone, protects and reduces friction in a Synovial Joint
Joint Cavity	Space Between the Bones in a Synovial Joint
Periosteum	Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue covering around the bone Protects and Nourishes Joint Capsule in a Synovial Joint
Fibrous Layer	Outer layer that Surrounds the joint & Interweaves with the Periosteum in a Synovial Joint
Synovial Membrane	Inner Surface of the Joint Cavity secretes synovial fluid into the Joint cavity in a Synovial Joint (lubricates and nourishes the bones)
Functional Classifications of Joints (How much movement is permitted?)	Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis
Synarthrosis	Immovable Joints like Sutures, Gomphoses & Synchondrosis Joints
Amphiarthrosis	Slighly Movable Joints like Symphyses and Syndesmoses Joints
Diarthrosis	Fully Movable Joints like Synovial Joints
Synovial Joint Functional Classifications	Classified according to how many Planes (axis) they move through - Non-Axial, Uni-Axial, Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Types of Synovial Joints	Gliding, Hinge, Pivot, Ellipsoid, Saddle, Ball & Socket
Non-Axial	Moves through 0 Planes (Axis). Like Gliding Joints
Uni-Axial	Moves through 1 Planes (Axis). Like Hinge & Pivot
Bi-Axial	Moves through 2 Planes (Axis). Like Ellipsoid & Saddle
Tri-Axial	Moves through 3 Planes (Axis). Like Ball & Socket
Bursa	Synovial Fluid Filled "SACS" Found around synovial joints. Protects soft tissue from rubbing against bones.
Tendon Sheaths	Tubular Bursa that surrounds tendons at the hands and feet. Helps reduce friction.
Retinaculum	Band of Fascia at the Wrist and Ankles helps to stabilize the tendons.
Gliding Joints	non-axial, Costovertebral, Costotransverse, Posterior Intervertebral, Sacroiliac.
Hinge Joints	uni-axial, Knees and Elbows, Flexion and Extension in the Sagital Plane
Pivot Joints	uni-axial, Atlantoaxial joint, Rotation in the Transverse Plane
Ellipsoid Joints	bi-axial, Atlantooccipital joint and Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the Sagital and Transverse Planes
Saddle Joints	In-between bi-axial and tri-axial, Sternoclavicular joints and thumbs
Ball and Socket Joints	tri-axial, Shoulder and Hips in the Sagital, Corornal and Transverse Planes