| Term | Definition |
| seeds | structure from which a young plant grows |
| provides food | the seeds coat |
| germination | early growth stage of the embryo |
| tips of leaves, roots, and stems | plants develope hormones at the |
| tropism | a plant's growth responce toward or away from stimulus |
| geotropism | root grows toward the center of the earth |
| chemotropism | root grows toward minerals and chemicals |
| phototropism | plants grow toward light |
| hydrotropism | root grows toward water |
| ecology | the study of the interactions between living things and the environment |
| biosphere | the area of the earth from the crust into the atmosphere in which all organisms live |
| ecosystem | a smaller unit of the biosphere in which living and non-living things interact |
| biomes | large region that has a distinct climate and combination of animals and plants |
| land biomes | tundra, coniferous forest, deciduous forest, rain forest, desert, grassland |
| water biomes | marine, freshwater |
| food chain | the transfer of energy in the form of food to one organism to another |
| sun | main source of energy for most living things |
| producer | organism that makes its own food |
| consumer | organism that eats other organisms |
| herbivore | plant eater |
| carnivore | animal eater |
| predator | hunts and kills animals for food |
| scavenger | feeds on dead organisms |
| omnivore | plant and animal eater |
| decomposer | organism that breaks down the remains of dead plants and animals into simpler substances |
| food web | overlapping food chains in an ecosystem |