| Term | Definition |
|---|
| phylogenetic tree | describe evolutionary relationships |
| three domains | bacteria, archaea, eukaryota |
| synapomorphies | Shared or derived traits that distinguish monophyletic groups |
| eukaryotes | membrane bound nucleus, multicellular |
| prokaryotes | no nucleus, one celled |
| 2 types of kindgdoms | plants and animals |
| phylogeny | "tribe source" evolutionary history of a group of organisms |
| phenetic approach | computes statistics to summarize similarity in populations |
| cladistic approach | realizing relationship among species can be found based on derived characteristics |
| homology | "same source" traits similar due to common ancestry |
| homoplasy (analogy) | "same form" traits similar NOT due to common ancestry |
| convergent evolution | when natural selection favors similar traits in distantly related lineages |
| parsimony | most likely explanation is one with least amount of change |
| virus | can't replicate unless enters another cell, not organisms (no genus/species), have a genome, intracellular parasite |
| bacteriophage | "bacteria-eater" virus that infects bacteria |
| epidemic | "upon people" |
| pandemic | "world-wide" |
| virulent | causes sever disease |
| two types of viruses | 1.has CAPSID shell of a protein 2. enclosed by capsid and membrane-like envelope |
| lytic cycle (replicative growth) | 1, viral genome enters host cell 2. host cell enzymes make copies of genome 3. virons exit cell COMPLETE |
| lysogenic cycle | (dormant) 1. viral DNA is incorporated with hosts' chromosome 2. replicated by hosts' DNA as cell divides 3. latent state = "quiescent" no new particles produced no unrelated cells infected |
| 6 phases of virus replication | 1. Entry into host cell 2. transcription of viral genome, production of viral proteins 3. replication of viral genome 4. assembly of new virons 5. exit infected cells 6. transmission to new host |
| entry methods of viruses | plants use sucking insect, parasite bacterial cells or animals cells bind to specific molecule on cell wall/plasma |
| tRNA, ribosomes | What can't viruses make necessary for translating mRNAs into proteins |
| protease | viral enzyme cuts long polypeptide sequences into functional proteins |
| copying genomes | 1. use nucleotides/ATP of host cell 2. for RNA genome, RNA replicase used 3. genome transcribed from RNA to DNA with revrse transcriptase |
| exit methods of viruses | 1. (ENVELOPED viruses)budding from cellular membranes 2. (NONENVELOPED viruses)bursting out of cell |
| Enveloped viruses | infect no cell wall cells, bud to exit |
| Nonenveloped viruses | infect cell wall cells, burst to exit |
| Epidemic! | What does a virus that normally parasitizes a species begins on humans and then can be transmitted from person to person efficiently cause? |
| Yes, No | Are viruses believed to originate multiple times throughout the history of life? Does it have a phylogenetic tree? |
| Single celled, multicellular | what two growth forms occur in fungi? |
| yeasts | What is an example of single celled forms of fungi? |
| mycelia | What is an example of multi cellular forms of fungi? |
| Hyphae | individual filaments, make a mycelium, haploid some heterokaryotic |
| septa | cross walls that make cell like compartments of fungi |
| flagella, zygosporangium, basidia, asci | What are the four kinds of reproductive structures in fungi? |
| chitin | prominent component of cell walls of fungi |
| store food by synthesizing glycogen not starch | How are fungi more like animals than plants? |
| Mutualism | 90% of land plants and fungi live in this state because they both benefit (symbiotic relationship) |
| Endophytic | Term for fungi that live in the above ground part of plants |
| EMF | "outer" hyphae penetrate between cells in outer layer of root, DON'T enter root cells |
| EMF | mostly in basidiomycetes, some ascomycetes COLD norther habitats, exchange N for sugars/ complex carbons |
| AMF | "little tree" hyphage grow INTO cells of root tissue |
| AMF | common in grasslands/ WARM tropical, belong to Glomermycota |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace