Unit 1 Purple Sheet
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55 terms
Latin | English |
|---|---|
| culture |  refers to a society's knowledge, art beliefs, customs, and values |
| nomads | during stone age, people moved from place to place; following migrating animals |
| Neolithic Revolution | period in human history marked by introduction of agriculture and a shift from food gathering to food production |
| civilizations | complex, organized society that has advanced cities, a gov, religion, record keeping and writing, job specialization, social classes, arts, and architecture |
| cultural diffusion | process by which cultural trait, idea, etc spreads from one society to another |
| Early River Valleys | Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, India |
| Mesopotamia | located in fertile crest; Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
| Egypt | Nile river |
| China | Yellow river |
| India | Indus river |
| fertile crest | region of rich farmland that curves from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf, centered on the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (Mesopotamia) |
| city-state | city that acts like a country; just isn't big enough |
| dynasty | sequence of powerful leaders in the same family |
| Hieroglyphics | form of ancient writing in which picture symbols represent sounds |
| Hammurabi | King of Babylonia; he was a brilliant military leader who brought all of Mesopotamia into the Babylonian Empire; known for uniform code of 282 laws, the earliest known set of written laws |
| castes | social system based on wealth; ex: low, middle, high; |
| Divine Right | Chinese belief that royal authorities is the result of divine approval |
| dynastic cycle | rise and fall of Chinese dynasties |
| Athenian Legacy | direct democracy, advances in art and sculpture, drama, philosophy |
| democracy | people vote; run by people |
| direct democracy | all people vote directly on an issue |
| Alexander the Great | King of Macedon and conqueror of much of Asia; he is considered one of the greatest generals of all time |
| hellenistic | blending of Greek cultures with those of Persia, Egypt, and Central Asia following the conquest of Alexander the Great |
| republic | elected officials run the state |
| dictator | one person totally controls gov |
| Pax Romana | period of peace in Roman Empire lasting from beginning of Augustu's reign until the death of Marcus Aurelius |
| Fall of Rome | slow decay over hundreds of years because of inefficient leaders, civil wars, poor economy; Germanic Invasions, and influence of Christianity-leads to chaos (dark ages) |
| Justinian Code | set of laws for the Byzantine Empire established by Justinian; most European law codes are based off this |
| Byzantuium Empire | name historians give the Eastern Roman Empire; it refers to Byzantium, the name of the capital city before it was changed to Constantinople |
| Dark Ages | period of decline experienced in Western Europe after the fall of Rome |
| medieval | anything created during Middle Ages |
| Feudalism | political and social system based on the granting of land in exchange for loyalty, military assistance, and other services |
| serfs | lowest class; slaves |
| Magna Carta | (1215) a charter agreed to by King John of England that granted nobles certain rights and restricted the king's powers |
| Crusades | (1096-1204) series of wars carried out by European Christians to gain control of the Holy Land from their Muslim rulers |
| Roman Catholic Church | unifying force in Middle Ages; powerful institution that shaped lives of people from all social classes |
| Spanish Inquisition | institution of the Roman Catholic Church that sought to eliminate heresy by seeking out punishments (effective even more in Spain in the later 1400s and 1500s |
| Edwardian War | war fought between France and England for control of the French throne |
| Black Death | terrible outbreak of the Bubonic plague that swept through Europle, beginning in 1347 |
| Polytheism | many gods; ex: Hinduism and Animism |
| Islam | monotheistic; spiritual and ethical principles emobied chiefly in the Herbrew Scriptures and the Talmudf |
| monotheism | one god; ex: Christianity |
| Hinduism | largest religion in India; Brahman is the power of world; believe in reincarnation; strive to break free from cycles of life |
| reincarnation | soul comes back to another body |
| Buddhism | believe in Buddha; teacher Four Noble Truths and th Eightfold Path |
| Confucianism | love for humanity; honoring one's family; religion founded by Chinese philosopher, Confucius |
| Daoism | based on Chinese thinker; should live simple honest life, don't interfere with the course of natural events |
| Legalism | uses law to end civil disorder; rewards and harsh punishments; ideas strictly controlled by gov |
| Christianity | religion based on the teachings of Jesus the Nazareth |
| popes | leaders of Roman Catholic Church |
| Constantine | first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity; built a new capitol, Constantinople |
| Five Pillars | Islam writings; profession of faith; performance of 5 daily prayers; giving of alms, requirment of 5 daily prayers; journey to Mecca (Hajj) |
| Muslim Golden Age | Muslim scholars preserve, blend, and expand knowledge, especially in mathematics, astronomy, architecture, and medical science |
| Marco Polo | Italian trader that traveled in and around China on commision from the Yuan emporer; his stories increased European intrest in China |
| Genghis Khan | a.k.a. Temujin, leader of the Mongols, developed a highly trained army that conquered most of Asia |
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