| Term | Definition |
|---|
| three stages of knighthood | page, squire, knight |
| heads of the church | Pope, archbishops, bishops, priests |
| role of the medieval church | collected taxes, punished criminals, maintained hospitals, set up schools and universities |
| excommunicate | expelling someone from membership in the Church and participation in Church life |
| monastery | religious community where monks lived and worked |
| contributions of monks and monasteries | copied books; ran schools, hospitals, and orphanages; provided safe havens for tired travelers; learned three field systems of farming |
| crusades | a series of Holy Wars undertaken by European Christians to regain Holy Land from Muslims |
| why peasants go crusading | entry to heaven, escape from manor life, and lord's control |
| why knights go crusading | could use fighting skills and gain wealth and land |
| why lords go crusading | chance to gain land and wealth |
| why the Pope wants crusading | free Holy Land from Muslims |
| why cities want crusading | expand trade markets |
| the positive outcomes of crusades | cities grew through increased trade, contact with more advanced cultures impacted Europe |
Combine with other sets
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