Speech Science Quiz 3
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Created by:
angelicagonzalez91 on September 22, 2010
Subjects:
speech science, speech language pathology
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cranial Nerves | Exit the CNS at the level of the brainstem |
| Spinal Nerves | Exit CNS at the level of the spinal cord |
| Trigeminal V | Jaw Movement and sensations for face and head |
| Facial VII | Facial muscle movement and taste for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue |
| Glossopharyngeal IX | Movement of the tongue and pharyngeal muscles and taste for the posterior 1/3 of the tongue |
| Vagus X | Movement of the tongue, pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles and sensation in pharynx and larynx |
| Accessory XI | Movement of Velum |
| Hypoglossal XII | Movement of tongue muscles |
| Upper motor neuron | -Originates in the primary,premotor and sensory cortex -Axons decussate(cross over) in medullary pyramids -After decussation axons synapse with lower motor neuron -Lesions affect opposite side of the body |
| Lower motor neurons | -Last pathway to the muscles -Axons synapse with muscles -Lesions affect same side of the body |
| Extrapyramidal (indirect) | -Coordination mechanism for motor control -Checking plan before it happens -Basal ganglia, cerebellum and thalamus |
| The Plan | The plan is created in the cortex (pre central and post central gyrus in the grey matter). The plan then enters through the striatum and exist through the basil ganglia through the globus pallidus. Then goes to the cerebellum and thalamus then back to the cortex. After is has been checked it is sent to the upper motor neuron and the lower motor neuron |
| Skeletal (striated) muscle | -Origin is where the muscle is attached to bone or cartilage (DOES NOT MOVE). first part of muscle -Insertion is the movable part. second part of muscle -Voluntary movement -Agonist/antagonist pairs |
| Agonist-Antagonist pairs | For every muscle that pulls one direction there will be another muscle that will pull in the opposite way |
| Smooth (visceral) muscle | -Involuntary movement -Internal organs -E.X. Digestive track |
| Cardiac muscle | Specialized muscle in the heart |
| Striated muscles | -Consists of many muscle fibers -Muscle fibers consist of myofibrils -Myofibrils give the striated look |
| Neuromuscular junction | lower motor neuron synapses with muscle fibers |
| Motor end plate | Each connection with a neuron and a fiber |
| Acetylcholine | -Depolarizes muscle fiber -This causes contraction -When contraction happens the insertion moves toward origin |
| Motor unit | -One motor neuron and all muscle fibers innervated by that neuron -Can only have 1 motor neuron but many muscle fibers |
| Small motor unit | -One motor neuron and few muscle fibers -Is capable of smaller more precise contractions |
| Large motor unit | One motor neuron and many muscle fibers |
| Motor Neuron | -One motor neuron does not make an entire muscle contract -For this to happen you need more than one motor neuron |
| Respiratory system | -Lungs, thorax, and abdomen -Provides air for speech |
| Functions of the respiratory system | Primary function breathing. Secondary function provide air for speech |
| Phonatory (laryngeal) system | -Cartilages, muscles, and vocal folds -Provides sounds for speech |
| Articulatory (supralaryngeal) system | -Pharyngeal, oral and nasal cavities (vocal tract) -Produces speech sounds |
| Boyle's Law | PxV=K -with 2 connected spaces will travel from high to low until it is the same |
| PxV=K | -at constant temp pressure x volume = constant. when you increase volume inside container pressure will decrease and vis versa |
| Breathing | Is a result of muscle contraction |
| Thorax | -12 pairs of ribs attaches to vertebral column -10 attaches to sternum -rib movement increases thoracic space |
| Costal (parietal) pleura | Membrane inside the ribcage |
| Lungs | -Tree-like structures - Trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveolar sacs (alveoli) |
| Visceral pleura | membrane out side the lungs |
| Intrapleural space | -region of negative pressure that keeps the costal and visceral pleurae closely together -The lungs are "glued" to the thorax |
| alveolar pressure | pressure inside lungs |
| What is the result of a change in pressure? | Change in volume(moving thorax) |
| Drop in pressure | Breathing in |
| Unit of pressure | CmH₂O |
| Patm | -atmospheric pressure; reference point -we compare all other pressures to this - always 0 CmH₂O |
| intrapleural pressure | -pressure in between the two pleuras -ALWAYS negative |
| Psg | -subglottal pressure/alveolar pressure |
| Po | -intraoral pressure -inside oral cavity |
| When subglottal pressure is positive | we breathe out |
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