| Term | Definition |
|---|
| four features of animals body plan | 1. number of tissues layers in embryos 2. type of body symmetry, degree of cephalizatoin 3. presence or absence of fluid filled body cavity 4. embryo development |
| epithelium | layer of tightly joined cells covers surface in animals |
| diploblasts | two types of tissues, cnidarians, ctenophorans |
| triploblasts | three types of tissues |
| endoderm | reproductive tissues are derived from the..... |
| ectoderm | muscle is simpler in organization and is derived from the........ |
| radial symmetry | least two planes of symmetry |
| bilateral symmetry | one plane of symmetry |
| cephalization | evolution of head (anterior region) where structures for feeding, sensing environment and processing info |
| protosome | first mouth, pore becomes the mouth, bilateral symmetry |
| deuterosome | second mouth pore becomes the anus, bilateral symmetry |
| protosome | spiral cleavage, pore into mouth, two layers of mesoderm block of it forms coelom |
| deuterosome | radial cleavage, pore into anus, mesoderm pockets pinch off of gut to form coelom |
| hydrostatic skeleton | hollow coelum |
| lophotrochozoa, Ecdysozoa | within protostoma there are two groups what are they? |
| lophotrochozoa | grow by extending size of skeletons |
| ecdysozoa | shed external skeletons and expand their bodies |
| viviparous | live bearing |
| oviparous | egg bearing |
| ovoviviparous | egg live bearing |
| holometabolous | metamorphosis when a whole change occurs COMPLETE metamorphosis |
| hemimetabolous | half change, juvenile form (Nymph) looks like mini adult |
| polyp, medusa | in cnidarians there are two distinct body types during their life cycle what are they? |
| polyp | sessile form stage of cnidarian |
| medusa | free floating stage of cnidarian |
| YES | are protosomes monophyletic |
| lophotrochozoans, ecdysozoans | the two types of protostomes are... |
| lopophore | specialized structure that rings the mouth and functions in suspension feeding in lophotrochozoans |
| trocophore | ring of cilia around middle that help in swimming |
| molting | how do ecdysozoans grow |
| steady incremental additions to the body | how do lophotrochozoans grow |
| foot, visceral mass, mantle | three basic body plan components of the molluscs |
| mantle, exoskeleton | what helped the transition from water to land for molluscs and 2 for arthropods |
| exoskeleton, segmented body, jointed limbs | basic body plan components for arthropods |
| (1 versatile exoskeleton, 2 segmentation, jointed limb, wing, 3 internal respiratory system, dessication resistant egg, highly developed sensory organs, complex behaviors, metamorphosis) | what are the 8 characteristics that have made arthropods so diverse and abudant |
| radial | what kind of symmetry do echinoderms exhibit that is new compared to their bilateral ancestors |
| water vascular system | branching series of fluid filled tubes and chambers (sophisticated hydrostatic skeletons) |
| (endoskeleton, podia, radial symmetry, water vascular system) | defining features of echinoderms 4 |
| (gill slits, supportive flexible notochords, nerve cord, postanal tail) | defining features of the chordates 4 |
| vertebrae, cranium | what do the monophyletic group of vertebrates have that define them 2 |
| gill arch hypothesis | what is the hypothesis that describes the origin of the jaw |
| mutation, natural selection | what two evolutionary methods increased the size of an arch and modified its orientation to produce the first working jaw |
| support for gill arch hypothesis | cell origin is the same |
| tetrapods | limbed vertebrates |
| yes | are limbs homologous |
| (amniotic egg, placenta, elaboration of parental care) | what three major evolution innovations gave tetrapods the ability to produce offspring successfully on land? |
| shell | what do amniotic eggs have that minimize water loss as embryo is growing |
| albumen | what is the protein rich solution that supplies water in an amniotic egg |
| amnion | what is the inner membrane that the embryo is in in an amniotic egg |
| viviparity, placenta | what two traits support the trade off of smaller number of offspring but more developed offspring in females (v/p) |
| mammals, birds | which two types of animals provide the most parental care |
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