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Allah p202 Arabic word for the Muslim god Cenobitical life p208 More common form of monasticism called common life Diocese p185 A division of the church based on territory, adapted from Roman empire Ecumenical Patriarch p194 A title recognized by St Gregory as an attempt to usurp the Petrine primacy The Hajj p208 The pilgrimage to Mecca required of all Muslim faithful once during their lifetime The Hejira p200 Arabic for "flight" The flight of Muhammed and his followers from Mecca to Medina Hermit p187 On who has retired, for religious motives, into solitary life, especially one of the Christian recluses Huns p184 A powerful nomadic people of unknown ethnic origin who invaded Europe Islam p160 Arabic for "submission" the faith of the prophet Muhammad it traces its roots back to Abraham Hagar and Ishmael Jihad p202 Holy war waged by Muslims in the name of religion. Muslim men who died in the ____are believed to go straight to heaven Jizya p200 Tax placed upon Jews and Christians under Muslim rule. It allowed them to keep their religious laws and retain the right to practice their own religion Kaaba p201 Arabic for "square building" this large black stone is the main focus of the pilgrimage to Mecca Koran p198,199 Arabic for "recitation" this is the holy book of the Muslim faith written by Muhammad and containing all of the writings of Muhammad that were told to him by the angel Gabriel Opus dei p185 "Praise of god" in Benedctine life is referred to the four hours of the day spent in communal prayer Monasticism p187 A way of life characterized by asceticism and self-denial lived more or less in seclusion from the world and under fixed rule and vows, withdraw fromt he world to pray and seek God Nuncio p194 The pope's personal ambassador Ora et labora p208 Benedictine motto meaning "pray and work" Ramadan p202 The holy month of Islam believed to be the time when the Koran was given to Muhammad, a strict fast is observed from sunrise to sunset Scriptorium p190 Large room in a monastery dedicated to the copying and maintaining of texts Servus servorum dei p194 Latin for "servant of the servants of God" this title was adopted by Pope St. Gregory the Great The Shahada p203 The first pillar and creedal statement of Islam: There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prohpet Vow p193 A solemn promise made voluntarily by a person of reason to practice a virtue or perform a specific good deed in order to accomplish a future good which is better than its contrary Franks p182 Their name meaning "fierce or bold" ; A germanic people who settled in Gaul late in the 3rd century Vandals p182 Most of the ruthless of the Germanic tribes, attacked Gaul before moving on to Spain, persecutors of the church Goths p182 Germanic tribe made up of visigoths and ostrogoths; were the first to invade the empire Alaric p179 The leader of the Visigoths who led to invasion of the Italian Peninsula Visigoths p182 one of the two branches of goths, ran the western half of the Roman Empire Ostrogoths p182 Led by Theodoric who occupied the Italian Peninsula, replacing the Visgoths, but Ostrogoths would end in defeat Ulphilas p182 Born in Cappodocia, apostle of the goths,translated to the bible to gothic, then became bishop, an arian Barbarians p181,182 Invaders of Germany, primitive and gruesome people Attila p179 "the scourge of God" brave warrior, skilled diplomat, military strategist, kingship of the huns St. Benedict p191 Patriarch of western monasticism lived as hermit, composed the "rule" St. Scholastica p193 Benedict's twin, met with him annually Pope St. Gregory the Great p194 Began mideval christianity, considered last of the traditional Latin doctors Gregorian Chant p196 plainsong chant in the liturgical life of the Church Muhammad p197 born in Mecca, saw the angel Gabriel and was told a revelation that he wrote in the Koran, started Islam Charles Martel p232 Frankish christian who is responsible for the defeat of the Muslims at the battle of tours Lectio divina p193 reading and meditating on scripture, an important facet of Monastic life Sunni p203 a follow of the majority branch of Islam, feels that successors to Muhammed are to be chosen by the Muslim community Shiite p203 arabic "Party of Ali" branch of Islam that supports the descendants of Muhammad as his rightful successors