52 terms

Terms	Definitions
Polar Molecule	Molecule with a positive side and a negative side. Water is an example
Protons, Neutrons and Electrons	The three subatomic particles
C, H, O, and N	The atomic symbols for the four main elements found in organic compounds
Valence	Atoms become more stable when their ____ shell of elections is filled
Four	Number of covalent bonds carbon can form
-OH	Hydroxyl group
-COOH	Carboxyl group
-NH2	Amino group
-PO4	Phosphate group
Monosaccharides	Monomers of polysaccharides
Amino Acids	Monomers of proteins
Nucleotides	Monomers of nucleic acids
Reduction	When a molecule gains an electron during a REDOX reaction
Oxidation	When a molecule loses an electron during a REDOX reaction
Atomic Number	This is equal to the number of protons or electrons in an atom
Compound	Formed when two or more elements are bonded together
Neutral Solution	Solution that has equal numbers of hydronium and hydroxide ions
Acid	Solution that has more hydronium than hydroxide ions
Base	Solution that has more hydroxide than hydronium ions
Proteins	Enzymes are an example of what type of organic compound?
Induced Fit Model	This model states that an enzyme will change shape to better fit with the substrate that is binding to its active site
Chemical Reaction	When one set of chemicals interact and turn into another set of chemicals
Ion	An atom that has lost or gained electrons
Enzymes	Biological catalysts that speed up metabolic reactions
H2O	Water's molecular formula
Concentration	The amount of solute dissolved into a fixed amount of solvent
Oxygen	The negative side of a water molecule
Hydrogen	The positive side of a water molecule
Atomic Mass Number	This is equal to an atoms number or protons and neutrons together
Hydrolysis Reaction	Reaction that uses water to split a polymer into its monomers
Condensation Reaction	Reaction that produces water when monomers are combined into a polymer
Acid	Solution that has a pH less than 7
Base	Solution that has a pH greater than 7
Reactants	Compounds that eventually turn into the products during a reaction; found on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation
Products	Compounds that form from the reactants during a reaction; found on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation
Ionic Bond	Bond where electrons are exchanged between atoms
Covalent Bond	Bond where electrons are shared between atoms
Endothermic Reaction	Type of chemical reaction that absorbs energy and causes a decrease in temperature
Exothermic Reaction	Type of chemical reaction that releases energy and causes an increase in temperature
Saturated Fatty Acids	Fatty acid that has a chain of carbons that are all bonded to four different atoms (no double bonds)
Unsaturated Fatty Acids	Fatty acid that has double bonds within the carbon chain
Hydrogen Bonding	Water molecules have cohesion, adhesion, and capillarity because of what unique type of chemical bonding
Carbohydrates	Monosaccharides (simple sugars), Disaccharides (table sugar), and Polysaccharides (starches and glycogen) are all what type of organic compound?
Activation Energy	Energy needed to start a chemical reaction; catalysts and enzymes reduce this amount of energy
Buffers	Substances that prevent large fluctuations in a solutions pH
Solution	Mixture in which substances are evenly spread out; contains both a solute and a solvent
Nucleic Acids	DNA and RNA are examples of what type of organic compounds
Starch	The polymer of glucose that is found in plants
Glycogen	The polymer of glucose that is found in animals
Carbon	This element is found in all organic compounds because it can form four covalent bonds and bind with itself to form complex chains, rings, and other molecular structures
Catalyst	Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
Electrons	The subatomic particles that are found in various orbitals around the nucleus of an atom

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