Unit 2:Population By TORRES, LEONARDO
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Demography | the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations |
| Census | a period count of the population |
| Population density | number of individuals per unit area |
| Arithmetic population density | the population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit |
| Physiologic population density | the number of people per unit area of arable land |
| Population composition | structure of a population in terms of age, sex and other properties, education |
| Age-sex pyramid | illustration that shows distribution between age and sex. |
| Crude birth rate (CBR) | the number of children born per 100 people |
| Crude death rate (CDR) | ratio of number of death in a year to every 1000 people. |
| Infant mortality | A figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population |
| Total fertility rate | The number of children born to an average woman in a population during her entire reproductive life |
| Demographic transition (cycle) | a model of the effect of economic development on population growth |
| Doubling time | the time required for a population to double in size |
| Exponential growth | growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate |
| Linear growth | Expansion that increases by the same amount during each time interval. |
| Natural increase | Crude death rate subtracted from crude birthrate |
| Population explosion | the rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century |
| Stationary population level | the level at which a national population ceases to grow |
| Absolute direction | An exact direction |
| Relative direction | direction based on a person's perception of places |
| Absolute distance | Exact measurement of the physical space between two places. |
| Relative distance | Approximate measurement of the physical space between two places. |
| Push factors | negative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave their adobe and migrate to a new location |
| Pull factors | a factor that draws or attracts people to another location |
| Activity space | the space within which daily activity occurs |
| Cyclic movement | movement that has a closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally |
| Nomadism | movement among a definite set of places |
| Seasonal movement | Movements that are taken based on a seasonal basis. |
| Migration | the movement of persons from one country or locality to another |
| Emigration | migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another) |
| Forced migration | Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors. |
| Voluntary migration | Permanent movement undertaken by choice. |
| Internal migration | Permanent movement within a particular country. |
| External migration | migration across an international border |
| Interregional migration | Permanent movement from one region of a country to another. |
| Step migration | migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city |
| counter migration | the return of migrants to the regions from which they earlier emigrated |
| Intervening opportunity | The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away. |
| Distance decay | The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. |
| Refugee | an exile who flees for safety |
| Temporary refugees | refugees encamped in a host country or host region while waiting for resettlement |
| Permanent refugees | person or persons who have been permanently displaced from their home |
| International refugees | refugees who have crossed 1 or more international boundaries during their dislocation |
| Intranational refugees | Refugees who have abandoned their town or village but not their country. |
| Immigration Laws | laws and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration into the state |
| Eugenic population policy | government policy designed to favor one race over another |
| Expansive population policy | government policy that encourages large families and raises the rate of population growth |
| Restrictive population policy | Government policy designed to reduce the rate of natural increase. |
| Negative population growth | the actual decline in population due to less than replacement births or extensive diseases |
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