Biology unit 1 college
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Created by:
fancyxlovenotes on September 23, 2010
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 biology | scientific study of life |
| emergent properties | new properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life |
| systems biology | An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems. |
| hierarchical organization | grouping info into categories that relate to each other |
| reductionism | a theory that all complex systems can be completely understood in terms of their components |
| cell | (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms |
| prokaryote | a unicellular organism having cells lacking membrane-bound nuclei |
| eukaryote | an organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria |
| dna | (biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix |
| genes | the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein |
| chromosomes | thread like structures that have genetic info that is passed down from one generation to the next |
| double helix | a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis |
| nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| genome | the ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism |
| transcription | (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA |
| translation | the act of uniform movement |
| feedback systems | examples if integration that makes living systems much greater than the sum of their parts |
| negative feedback | feedback in opposite phase with (decreasing) the input. Slows down. |
| positive feedback | feedback in phase with (augmenting) the input. Speeds up |
| taxonomy | practice of classifying plants and animals according to their presumed natural relationships |
| domains | a taxonomic category above the kingdom level; the three domains of life are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya |
| kingdoms | a grouping system that divides organisms into 6 major categories |
| phyla | subsets below the kingdom level |
| natural selection | a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment |
| discovery science | describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and analysis of data |
| hypothesis based science | testing explanations using experiments. |
| data | recorded observations |
| qualitative | type of data that is categorized by entries such as the labels (color, names, etc.) |
| quantitative | expressible as a quantity or relating to or susceptible of measurement |
| inductive reasoning | reasoning from detailed facts to general principles |
| hypothesis | possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question |
| testable hypothesis | hypothesis that can be proven false |
| deductive reasoning | reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect) |
| controlled experiment | a test of the effect of a single variable by changing it while keeping all other variables the same |
| theory | well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations |
| models | represents an idea, event, or object to help people better understand it. |
| electron shell | a grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom |
| orbitals | regions around the nucleus in which given electron or electron pair is likely to be found |
| electronegativity | (chemistry) the tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond |
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