Myers Psychology Chapter 2 Key Terms

5 Written Questions

1. an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.
2. a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. The adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress.
3. function: a major excitatory neurotransmitter, also involved in memory ; malfunctions: oversupply can overstimulate brain, producing migraines or seizures (which is why some people avoid MSG, monosodium glutamate, in food).
4. an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements.
5. a nerve cell; the basic building block of of the nervous system.

5 Matching Questions

1. lesion
2. aphasia
3. medulla
4. parasympathetic nervous system
5. nervous system

1. a the body's speedy, electrochemical communication system, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems.
2. b the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
3. c the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy.
4. d tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue.
5. e impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding)

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. function: a major inhibitory neurotransmitter ; undersupply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia.
   1. acetylcholine (ACh)
   2. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
   3. neurotransmitters
   4. brainstem
2. a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior.
   1. motor cortex
   2. biological psychology
   3. temporal lobes
   4. limbic system
3. the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.
   1. peripheral nervous system (PNS)
   2. sympathetic nervous system
   3. parasympathetic nervous system
   4. central nervous system (CNS)
4. the brain and spinal cord
   1. central nervous system (CNS)
   2. sympathetic nervous system
   3. autonomic nervous system
   4. peripheral nervous system (PNS)
5. a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.
   1. myelin sheath
   2. dendrite
   3. glutamate
   4. brainstem

5 True/False Questions

1. dopamine → function: influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion ; malfunctions: undersupply is linked to Alzheimer's disease.

   True        False

2. amygdala → the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

   True        False

3. nerves → a nerve cell; the basic building block of of the nervous system.

   True        False

4. neurotransmitters → chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sistes on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse.

   True        False

5. cerebral cortex → the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control land information-processing center.

   True        False