Biology ch 1 and 20
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60 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 biology | the scientific study of life |
| ecosystem | all the organisms in a given area along with the non living factors with which they interact in their environment |
| community | all the organisms in a given area |
| population | an interacting group of individuals from one species |
| organism | a single individual living thing |
| organ systems | a group of organs that work toghether in performing bodily functions |
| organ | a structure consisting of several tissues adapted as a group to perform specific bodily functions |
| tissue | a cooperative unit of many similar cells |
| cell | a unit of living matter seperated from its environment by a boundary known as a membrane |
| molecule | a cluster of atoms |
| atom | the smallest particle of ordinary matter |
| discovery science and hypothesis driven science | the two different scientific approaches |
| structures functions | science is the study of _________________ &_____________ |
| hypothesis | a tentative anser to some question |
| inductive | reasoning from a set of specific observations to reach a general conclusion |
| deductive | reasoning from anything general to specific |
| mimicry | an edible species of pray mimics one that is inedible |
| controlled experiment | experiment designed to compare an experimental group to a controlled group |
| species | a particular type of organism |
| domain | a taxonomic category above the kingdom level |
| archaea, bacteria, eukarya | What are the three domains? |
| kingdom | the broad taxanomic category above phylum or division |
| prokaryotes | contain cells with NO nucleus |
| Bacteria Archaea | the two domains of Prokaryotes |
| eukarya | cells that contain a nucleus and have internal structures |
| protazoa | single celled organisms that eat other organisms |
| protists | single celled organisms that make their own food threw photosynthesis |
| reproduction, adaptions, response, energy, homeostasis, order, growth, genetics | RAREHOGG- Properties of all organisms |
| theories | comprehensive idea that are much broader in scope than a hypothesis |
| natural selection | different success rates in reproduction by different phenotypes resulting from interactions with the environment |
| adaptions | features that evolved by means of natural election |
| anatomy | the study of the structure of an organism |
| physiology | the study of the functions that an organism performs |
| epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue | four types of animal tissue: |
| epithelium(epithelial tissue) | tightly packed cells that cover body surfaces and line internal organs and cavities |
| epidermis | outer portion of the skin |
| basement membrane | a dense mat of extracellular matrix consisting of fibrous proteins and sticky polysaccharides |
| mucous membrane | cells with a large amount of cytoplasm secrete a slimy solution (mucus) that lubricates the surface and keeps it moist |
| connective tissue | tissue that consists of a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix |
| loose connective tissue | connective tissue with loose fibers |
| adipose connective tissue | stores fat in adipose cells that are in a sparse matrix of fibers |
| blood | connective tissue with a fluid matrix |
| fibrous connective tissue | densely packed parallel bundles of collagen fibers |
| cartilage | connective tissue that forms a strong but flexible skeletal material |
| bone | a rigid connective tissue that has a matrix of collagen fibers embedded in calcium salts |
| muscle tissue | bundles of long cells called muscle fibers and MOST ABUNDANT TISSUE IN THE ANIMAL |
| nervous tissue | communication system that does so by transmitting information as nerve signals |
| digestive system | organ system that ingests food and brakes it down into smaller chemical units |
| respriatory system | body's organ system for exchanging gases with the environment |
| lymphatic system (immune) | network of fine vessels connected to many small organs called lymph nodes , protects the body by attacking foreign substances, infectous microbes, and cancer cells |
| excretory system | the body's waste disposal system |
| endocrine system | hormone producing organ system |
| reproductive system | the gamete producing portions of the ovaries and testes |
| nervous system | coordinates body activities along with the endocrine system. Allow for signals to be transmitted through the body |
| muscular system | all of the muscles in the body that enable us to move |
| skeletal system | system that provides the body with support and protection |
| skin system | system that consists of skin and its derivatives |
| interstitial fluid | an aqueous solution that sorrounds body cells and through which materials pass back and forth between the blood and the body tissues |
| homeostasis | "a steady state" ability for our bodies to internally regulate |
| negative feedback | change in a variable triggers mechanisms that reverse the change |
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