Radiology Ch. 8
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71 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Film Processing | -Series of steps -Converts the invisible image into a permanent visible image -Manually or automatically |
| Overview of Film Processing | -Latent image -Silver halide crystals -Developer -Rinsing -Fixer -Washing -Drying |
| Developing reduces silver halide crystals into.. | black metallic silver. |
| Rinsing removes as much as possible.. | alkaline developer. |
| Fixer removes the undeveloped silver halide crystals from.. | the film emulsion. |
| Washing removes all.. | remaining chemicals. |
| Radiographic images are made up of.. | microscopic grains of black metallic silver. |
| Forms of processing solutions | -Powder -Ready to use -Liquid concentrate |
| Purpose of the developer | Converts crystals onto film |
| Developing agents of the developer | -Hydroquinone -Elon |
| Hydroquinone | -Slowly build up black tones onto film. -The higher the temp. the faster it works. |
| Elon | -Brings out gray tones -Works very fast, higher temp. the faster it works |
| Preservative of the Developer | Sodium Sulfite |
| Sodium Sulfite | -Slows down oxidation rate -Preserves chemicals |
| Activator of the Developer | Sodium Carbonate |
| Sodium Carbonate | Soften/swell gelatin on film, which then exposes more crystals |
| Restrainer of the Developer | Potassium Bromide |
| Potassium Bromide | Restrain developing agents from unexposed crystals. |
| Fixer is.. | acidic. |
| Purpose of the fixer | -Stops further development of film -Removes undeveloped silver halide crystals -Hardens emulsion |
| Fixing agent of the Fixer | Ammonium thiosulfate or sodium thiosulfate |
| Fixing agent (Clearing agent) | Remove all unexposed crystals from film. |
| Preservative of the Fixer | Sodium Sulfite |
| Preservative | Slows down oxidation rate of fixer. |
| Hardening agent of the fixer | Potassium alum |
| Hardening agent | Hardens gelatin/emulsion |
| Acidifier of the fixer | Acetic acid |
| Acidifier | Stops further development |
| Hardening Agents | Helps prevent rollers from scratching film |
| Replenisher | Helps compensate for loss of chemicals |
| Purpose of the darkroom | Provide dark area for film to be developed |
| Requirements of the darkroom | -Safelight -Well ventilated -Adequate storage |
| Lighting in darkroom | -Light tight -White ceiling light -Safelight (safe bulbs) -Viewbox -In-Use light |
| The safelight must be at the minimum ____ from counter. | 4 ft. |
| Useful life of chemicals | -Original quality of solution -Freshness of the solution (exp. date) -Number of films that are processed -Contamination of chemicals (mixing fire with developer) |
| Processing Chemical Maintenance | -Useful life of chemicals -Cleaning -Changing solutions |
| Disposal of Radiographic Wastes | -Biohazard materials -Fixer waste (doesn't go through city water) -Recycling lead foil |
| Manual Processing Procedures (dipping) | Method to process films in a series of steps performed by hand. |
| Advantages of manual processing | -Reliable -Clinician has more control |
| Disadvantage of manual processing | -Time |
| Processing Tank | Holds chemicals in it |
| Thermometer | Temperature of chemicals |
| Timer | Must know how long they're in |
| Stirring paddles | Stir solutions |
| Film hangers | Clip film to, hang film into solution |
| Drip Pans | Catch water |
| Drying racks | Used to air dry |
| Oxidation | Decreases volume of developer & fixer. |
| Keep tanks.. | covered. |
| Inserts should be.. | scrubbed. |
| Never use.. | cleansing powders. (Comet) |
| All tank parts should be.. | wiped clean. |
| Preparations of Manual Processing | -Check levels of all solutions -Stir the developer & fixer -Determine the temperature of solution -Reticulation (cracking of the film, going from really hot to cold) -Select the proper film hanger (making film goes all the way into solution) |
| Ideal temperature for manual processing | 68° for 5 minutes in developer |
| Procedure for Manual Processing | -Developing -Rinsing -Fixing -Washing -Drying |
| Developing | -5 minutes -Shake film up & down to get rid of bubbles |
| Rinsing | -into water -about 20 seconds |
| Fixing | -after 2-3 minutes, you can turn on light -minimum of time: 10 minutes |
| Washing | 20 minutes |
| Drying | Before you mount |
| Automatic Processing Advantages | -Less time -Time/temperature is controlled |
| Day light loader machine | With mini darkroom on top of machine |
| Compartments of Automatic Processing | Complete cycle 5 minutes |
| Chemistry of Automatic Processing | -Super saturated -Can't use same chemicals as manual |
| Maintenance of Automatic Processing | Cleaned weekly |
| Disadvantages of Automatic Processing | -Expensive -Jamming (eats film) -Rollers can leave marks |
| Example of Rapid Processing | Chairside darkroom |
| Chairside darkroom | 30 seconds/ a piece of film |
| Practices that use rapid processing | Endodontic & oral surgery practice |
| Chemistry of rapid processing | Higher temperature chemistry |
| Results of rapid processing | -Not intended to replace regular types of film -Quick dip |
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