1.
Acoustic Encoding: The mental representation of information as a sequence of sounds.
2.
Anterograde Amnesia: A loss of memory for any event that occurs after a brain injury.
3.
Brown-Peterson Procedure: A method for determining how long unrehearsed information remains in short-term memory.
4.
Chunks: Stimuli that are perceived as one unit or as a meaningful grouping of information.
5.
Context-Dependent Memory: Memory that can be helped or hindered by similarities or differences between the context in which it is learned and the context in which it is recalled.
6.
Decay: The gradual disappearance of the mental representation of a stimulus.
7.
Elaborative Rehearsal: A memorization method that involves thinking about how new information relates to information already stored in short-term memory.
8.
Encoding: The process of acquiring information and entering it into memory.
9.
Encoding Specificity Principle: The ability of a cue to aid retrieval depends on the degree to which it taps into information that was encoded at the time of original learning.
10.
Episodic Memory: Memory of an event that happened while one was present.
11.
Immediate Memory Span: The Maximum number of items once person can recall perfectly after one presentation of the items.
12.
Implicit Memory: The unintentional influence of prior experiences.
13.
Information-Processing Model: A model of memory in which information is seen as passing through sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
14.
Interference: The process through which either the storage of the retrieval of information is impaired by the presence of other information.
15.
Levels-of-Processing Model: A view stating that how well something is remembered depends on the degree to which incoming information is mentally processed.
16.
Long-Term Memory: A relatively long-lasting stage of memory whose capacity to store new information is believed to be unlimited.
17.
Maintenance Rehearsal: Repeating information over and over to keep it active in short-term memory.
18.
Method of Savings: Measuring forgetting by computing the difference between the number of repetitions needed to learn and, after a delay, relearn the same material.
19.
Mnemonics: Strategies for placing information in an organized context in order to remember it.
20.
Parallel Distributed Processing Models: Memory models in which new experiences change one's overall knowledge base.
21.
Primacy Effect: A characteristic of memory in which recall of the first two of three items in a list is particularly good.
22.
Proactive Interference: A cause of forgetting in which information already in memory interferes with the ability to remember new information.
23.
Recency Effect: A characteristic of memory in which recall is particularly good for the last few items in a list.
24.
Retrieval: The process of recalling information stored in memory.
25.
Retrieval Cues: Stimuli that aid the recall or recognition of information stored in memory.
26.
Retroactive Interference: A cause of forgetting in which new information placed in memory interferes with the ability to recall information already in memory.
27.
Retrograde Amnesia: A loss of memory for events prior to a brain injury.
28.
Schemas: Mental representations of categories of objects, events and people.
29.
Selective Attention: The focusing of mental resources on only part of the stimulus field.
30.
Semantic Encoding: The mental representation of an experience by its general meaning.
31.
Semantic Memory: A type of memory containing information about how to do things.
32.
Sensory Memory: A type of memory that holds large amounts of incoming information very briefly, but long enough to connect one impression to the next.
33.
Sensory Registers: Memory systems that hold incoming information long enough for it to be processed further.
34.
Short-Term Memory: The maintenance component of working memory, which holds unrehearsed information for a limited time.
35.
Spreading Activation: A principle that explains how information is retrieved in semantic network theories of memory.
36.
State-Dependent Memory: Memory that is aided or impeded by a person's internal state.
37.
Storage: The process of maintaining information in memory over time.
38.
Transfer-Appropriate Processing Model: A model of memory that suggests that a critical determinant of memory is how well the retrieval process matches the original encoding process.
39.
Visual Encoding: The mental representation of information as images.
40.
Working Memory: The part of the memory system that allows us to mentally work with, or manipulate, information being held in short-term memory.
