Anatomy Bones
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Created by:
QuixoticLanguor on September 25, 2010
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Bones of the Body
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149 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hyaline Cartilage | a thin layer of hyaline cartilage on the joints of adjoining bones |
| Epiphyseal Line | marks the former location of the epiphyseal plate in adults |
| Marrow Cavity | aka Medullary Cavity |
| Periosteum | an external sheath that covers bones |
| Nutrient Foramina | minute holes in the bone in which blood vessels penetrate from the periosteum |
| Compact Bone | dense white osseous tissue |
| Spongy Bone | A loosely organized form of osseois tissue enclosed by compact bone |
| Epiphysis | The expanded head at the end of a bone |
| Diaphysis | The shaft of a long bone |
| Primary Curvatures | The thoracic and pelvic curvatures; present from birth |
| Secondary Curvatures | Cervical and Lumbar curvatures, develops from crawling and walking. |
| Body | The mass of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone of the vertebra |
| Vertebral Foramen | A triangular canal posterior to the body of the vertebra that collectively form the vertebral canal |
| Spinous Process | A projection on vertebra that projects off the vertebral arch |
| Transverse Process | Extends laterally from the vertebrae |
| Superior Articular processes | project upward from vertebrae to articulate to other vertebrae |
| Inferior Articular Processes | Project downward from vertebrae to articulate to other vertebrae |
| Intervertebral Foramen | the opening between two joined vertebrae that allows passage for spinal nerves |
| Cervical vertebrae | The smallest and lightest vertebrae |
| Transverse Foramen | Found in cervical vertebrae, form passage for vertebral arteries to supply blood to the brain. |
| Atlas | vertebra C1, supports the head, allows rocking back and forth of the head |
| Axis | Vertebra C2, allows rotation of the head |
| Dens | Prominent knob on the axis |
| Thoracic Vertebrae | vertebrae that correspond to ribs that are attached to them |
| Costal facets | concave spots on vertebrae for the attachment of ribs |
| Articular facets | Concave spots on vertebrae for the attachment to other vertebrae |
| Lumbar vertebrae | Thick, stout, blunt, squarish vertebrae. |
| Sacrum | a bony plate that forms the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity |
| Coccyx | consists of 4, small fused vertebrae that form a small, triangular bones. |
| sternum | a bony plate anterior to the heart |
| Manubrium | broad superior portion of the sternum |
| Suprasternal notch | The jugular notch on the manubrium. |
| Body (of the sternum) | longest part of the sternum |
| Xiphoid process | a small pointed bone on the end of the sternum where abdominal muscles attach |
| costal cartilage | hyaline cartilage that attaches ribs to the sternum |
| true ribs | Ribs with its own costal cartilage that attaches to the sternum |
| false ribs | Ribs that lack independent costal cartilages to attach them to the sternum |
| floating ribs | Ribs that do not attach to the sternum |
| Cranial Cavity | cavity which encloses the brain |
| orbits | eye sockets |
| nasal cavity | cavity beneath ethmoid cavities |
| buccal cavity | the mouth cavity |
| ethmoid sinuses | sinuses in the ethmoid bone |
| sphenoid sinuses | sinuses in the sphenoid bone |
| calvaria | the skull cap |
| base | the floor of the cranial cavity |
| supraorbital foramen | foramen above the orbits that provide passage for a nerve, artery and vein |
| frontal bone | extends from the forehead back to the coronal suture |
| coronal suture | crosses the crown of the heard from right to left, articulates the frontal bone to the parietal bones |
| parietal bones | form most of the calvaria and its walls |
| sagittal suture | connects the parietal bones together |
| lamdoid suture | connects the parietal bones to the occipital bone |
| squamous suture | connects parietal bones to the temporal bone |
| temporal bone | forms the lower wall and floor of the cranial cavity, anterior to the ear |
| squamous part | flat, vertical part of the temporal bone encircled by squamous suture |
| zygomatic process | extends anteriorally to help form the zygomatic arch |
| zygomatic arch | the cheekbone |
| mandibular fossa | a depression where the mandible articulates with the cranium |
| external acoustic meatus | opening of the ear canal |
| styloid process | pointed spine on the inferior surface of the tympanic part of the temporal bone, attaches to the hyoid bone |
| mastoid part | posterior to the tympanic part of the temporal bone |
| mastoid process | a heavy lump on the mastoid part of the temporal bone that houses air sinuses that communicate with the middle-ear cavity |
| internal acoustic meatus | internal opening of ear canal |
| carotid canal | passage for the carotid artery, major blood supply to the brain in the temporal bone |
| jugular foramen | large, irregular opening between temporal and occipital bone where blood from the brain drains through the jugular |
| occipital bone | the rear of the skull and majority of the base |
| foramen magnum | large hole in the occiptal bone that admits the spinal cord |
| occipital condyles | smooth knobs on each side of the foramen magnum where the skull rests on the vertebral column |
| sphenoid bone | complex bone inside of the skull |
| greater wings | larger wings of the sphenoid |
| lesser wings | smaller wings of the sphenoid |
| optic foramen | holes inside of the lesser wings of the sphenoid which permits passage of optic nerves |
| sella turcica | a saddlelike feature on the body of the sphenoid which houses the pituitary gland |
| pterygoid processes | parallel plates on the inferior end of the sphenoid which provide attachment for jaw muscles |
| ethmoid bone | bone located between the orbital cavities and forms roof of nasal cavity |
| perpendicular plate | inferior projection of the perpendicular plate which forms the nasal septum |
| nasal conchae | projections from the nasal fossae in the ethmoid bone |
| crista galli | the median crest of the superior part of the ethmoid bone, where meninges attach |
| cribiform plate | plates marked with numerous perforations for nasal nerves on the ethmoid bone |
| hypoglossal canal | canal on the anterior edge of each occipital condyle which provides nerves that service the tongue |
| Maxilla | the largest facial bone, forming the upper jaw |
| infraorbital foramen | passages below the orbits that provide room for a blood vessel to the face and nerves from the nasal region and neck |
| hard palate | bony part of the palate |
| palatine processes | extensions of the maxilla that form most of the palate |
| palatine bone | forms the deeper part of the hard palate |
| lacrimal bones | small bones that form the medial walls of each orbit to drain tears. |
| nasal bone | forms the bridge of the nose |
| inferior nasal conchae | the largest conchae besides the two that are in the ethmoid |
| vomer | inferior portion of the nasal septum |
| mandible | the only bone in the skull that can move |
| body (of the mandible) | the horizontal portion of the mandible |
| ramus | the vertical portion of the mandible |
| angle | the corner where the body and the ramus of the mandible meets |
| condylar process | the posterior branch of the ramus that articulates with the mandibular fossa |
| mandibular condyles | condyles that articulate with the mandibular fossa |
| temporomandibular joint | the hinge of the mandible |
| coronoid process | the point of insertion for the temporalis muscle, pulling the mandible upward when you bite |
| malleus | hammer |
| incus | anvil |
| stapes | stirrup |
| hyoid bone | a slender, U-shaped bone between the chin and larynx that does not articulate with any other bone. |
| clavicle | a slightly S shaped bone on the upper thorax |
| scapula | a triangular plate that overlies ribs 2-3 |
| acromion | platelike extension of the scapula that forms the apex of the shoulder, articulates with the clavicle |
| coracoid process | a process shaped like a bent finger that provides attachment for tendons of of the biceps on the scapula |
| glenoid cavity | a shallow socket on the scapula that articulares with the head of the humerus |
| humerus | the bone of the brachium |
| head | the part of the humerus that articulates with the glenoid cavity |
| intertubercular groove | a groove that accomidates a tendon of the biceps on the humerus |
| deltoid tuberosity | a rough area on the lateral surface of the humerus for the insertion of the deltoid muscle |
| capitulum | the lateral condyle of the humerus that articulates with the radius |
| trochlea | the medial condyle of the humerus that articulates with the ulna |
| olecranon fossa | a pit on the posterior end of the humerus that accomodates the olecranon of the ulna when flexed |
| radius | bone of the antebrachium with a disc-shaped head |
| styloid process | the bony point of the radius, proximal to the thumb |
| ulna | has a deep, C-shaped notch on its head, bone of the antebrachium |
| trochlear notch | C-shaped notch on the ulna that wraps around the humerus |
| olecranon | the posterior side of the trochlear notch of the ulna, the bony point of the elbow |
| interosseous membrane | a ligament that attaches the radius and the ulna together |
| carpal bones | form the wrist |
| scaphoid, lunate triquetrim, pisiform | bones of the proximal row of the carpal bones |
| trapezoid, trapezium, capitate, hamate | bones of the distal row of the carpal bones |
| metacarpals | bones of the palm |
| phalanges | bones of the fingers |
| pelvis | the pelvic girdle and the sacrum together |
| sacroiliac joint | where each hip bone is joined to the vertebral column |
| pubic symphysis | the hard prominence above genitalia, where the two hip bones join |
| iliac crest | the superior crest of the hip |
| acetabulum | the hip socket |
| obturator foramen | a large hole below the acetabulum |
| anterior superior iliac spine | where the iliac crest extends from |
| greater sciatic notch | a large notch below the spines where the sciatic nerve passes through |
| ischium | the inferoposterior portion of the hip |
| ischial tuberosity | the thick, rough surfaced portion of the pelvic girdle which supports your body when sitting |
| femur | longest and strongest bone of the body |
| neck | area distal to the head of the femur, the weakest point. |
| trochanters | insertions for the powerful muscles of the hip |
| epicondyles | widest points of the femur at the knee |
| patella | the kneecap |
| tibia | the only weight bearing bone of the crural region |
| condyles | two flat articular surfaces on the head of the tibia |
| tibial tuberosity | the rough surface of the tibia where the patellar ligament inserts |
| malleoli | the bony knobs above the ankle |
| fibula | a slender, lateral strut that stabilizes the ankle yet bears no weight |
| tarsals | the ankle bones |
| calcaneus | largest tarsal bone, forms the heel. |
| talus | the most superior tarsal, and second-largest. |
| Metatarsals | form the plantar surface of the foot |
| Phalanx | toes |
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