Chapter 3 - Campbell reece eight edition ap bio
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 polar molecule | unequal distribution of charges |
| Cohesion | tendency of molecules to stick together |
| Adhesion | clinging of one substance to another |
| Surface tension | a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Hydrogen bonds give water a high surface tension. |
| Heat | amount of energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules in a body of matter |
| Temperature | intensit of heat, average speed of molecules rather than the total amount of heat energy in a body of matter |
| Solution | liquid consisting of a uniform mixture of two or more substances |
| Solvent | dissolving agent |
| Solute | substance that is disolved |
| Aqueous solution | is one in which water is the solvent |
| Acid | compound that donates hydrogen ions to solutions (0-6) |
| Base | compound that accepts hydrogen ions and removes them from solution (8-14) |
| pH scale | describes how acid or basic solution is (pH stand for potential of hydrogen). |
| pH of pure water | 7 |
| Acidic things | Battery acid, lemon juice, gastric juice |
| Basic things | Household ammonia, household bleach, oven cleaner |
| Neutral pH | Pure water, human blood and tears are close, but slightly basic |
| Buffers | substances that minimize changes in pH |
| Acid precipitation | refers to rain, snow, or fog with a pH lower than 5.6 |
| evaporative cooling | the property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state. |
| heat of vaporization | the amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas |
| specific heat | the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance 1 degree Celsius |
| hydration shell | sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion |
| colloid | a mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out |
| molecular mass | The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule |
| molarity | the number of moles of solute per liter of solution |
| hydroxide ion | a water molecule that has lost a proton; OH- |
| hydronium ion | hydrogen ion combines with a water molecule to form a hydronium ion, H3O(+) |
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