Chapter 8 - 8.1
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12 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 metabolism | The sum of chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| metabolic pathway | A series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule (anabolic pathway) or breaks down a complex molecule into simpler compounds (catabolic pathways) |
| catabolic pathway | a metabolic process that breaks down complex molecules into simpler compounds; example = cellular respiration because it breaks glucose into carbon dioxide and water; the energy that is stored becomes available to do work within the cell |
| anabolic pathway | A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler compounds. |
| bioenergetics | Study of how energy flows through organisms |
| First law of thermodynamics | energy is conserved. It is neither created nor destroyed underneath normal conditions. |
| second law of thermodynamics | Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe |
| open systems | systems that interact with their environment. |
| closed systems | systems that are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment. |
| entropy | A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness, symbolized by S. |
| spontaneous processes | When a process can occur on its own without outside help (an input of energy), it increases the entropy of the universe. It doesn't mean quickly. |
| non-spontaneous processes | A process that requires a continuous input of energy in order to occur. |
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