1.
anabolic pathway: A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler compounds.
2.
bioenergetics: Study of how energy flows through organisms
3.
catabolic pathway: a metabolic process that breaks down complex molecules into simpler compounds; example = cellular respiration because it breaks glucose into carbon dioxide and water; the energy that is stored becomes available to do work within the cell
4.
closed systems: systems that are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment.
5.
entropy: A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness, symbolized by S.
6.
First law of thermodynamics: energy is conserved. It is neither created nor destroyed underneath normal conditions.
7.
metabolic pathway: A series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule (anabolic pathway) or breaks down a complex molecule into simpler compounds (catabolic pathways)
8.
metabolism: The sum of chemical reactions that occur within an organism
9.
non-spontaneous processes: A process that requires a continuous input of energy in order to occur.
10.
open systems: systems that interact with their environment.
11.
second law of thermodynamics: Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
12.
spontaneous processes: When a process can occur on its own without outside help (an input of energy), it increases the entropy of the universe. It doesn't mean quickly.
