APME test 1 terms
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Renaissance | the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. |
| Hansa | This is an economic group that aided in the development of Northern European economy., a group of northern Europeans merchants who worked together to protect themselves |
| Vernacular | informal speech; native language |
| Donation of Constantine | This was a fraudulent Roman imperial edict which was supposedly written by Constantine the Great. In this edict, the Pope was given the power of civil authority. Later on during the Renaissance period, this edict was proven to be fabricated (Lorenzo Valla - incorrect Latin used) |
| The Praise of Folly | an essay written by Erasmus that uses satire to point out corrupt practices of the Church. |
| Pieta | A painting, drawing, or sculpture of Mary, the Mother of Jesus, holding the dead body of Jesus. The word means "pity" in Italian. **Michelangelo made many pietas |
| Black Death | a form of bubonic plague that spread over Europe in the 14th century and killed an estimated quarter of the population. |
| 100 Year's War | England was by far the more successful, and because the fighting took place in France, the country side was destroyed between bouts of fighting by roaming mercenaries. England had the advantage of recent experience when fighting the Scottish, so their tactics were modern. They also had the longbow and used artillery barrages to even up numbers in battle. It lasted 1337 to 1453. |
| War of the Roses | struggle for the English throne (1455-1485) between the house of York (white rose) and the house of Lancaster (red rose) ending with the accession of the Tudor monarch Henry VII *end to feudalism in England |
| Spanish Inquisition | This was the harsh and violent conversion of Spain back into Catholicism. They used several versions of torture and fear tactics to convert people back to Catholicism *1470s-1834 *controlled completely by monarchy of Spain, papacy and church had no control |
| Humanism | the cultural movement of the Renaissance, an intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on education and the classics |
| Sistine Chapel | the church in the Vatican where Michaelangelo painted the ceiling |
| Utopia | a book by Sir Thomas More (1516); humanist social critique |
| De Medici family | Dynasty of Florentine bankers and politicians known for their patronage of the arts |
| Printing Press | invented by Johannes Gutenberg; most significant invention in modern times; revolution -> Protestant Reformation came about because of printing press |
| Christian Humanism | a movement that developed in northern Europe during the renaissance combining classical learning with the goal of reforming the catholic church Erasmus - important Christian humanist |
| High Renaissance | A time period that was the final stage of Renaissance art between 1480 & 1520 marked by the increased importance of Rome as a cultural center. Three artists, da Vinci, Raphael, & Michelangelo, dominated with their work. The period was also characterized with idealization of nature |
| The Prince | Influential treatise by Machiavelli that attempts to lay out methods to secure and maintain political power |
| Gallicanism | movement in the French catholic clergy, which gave control of church affairs to the nation and not the pope (monarchy control) |
| Simony | the selling of Church offices |
| The Book of the Courtier | book written by Castiglione, combination of describing the ideal Renaissance person and an etiquette guide on how to behave in court |
| Great Schism | a period of division in the Roman Catholic Church, 1378-1417, over papal succession, during which there were two, or sometimes three, claimants to the papal office |
| Chiaroscuro | The treatment of light and shade in a work of art, especially to give an illusion of depth, show drama, create emotion (mood) |
| Neoplatonism | Views based on the ideas of Plato that one should search beyond appearances for true knowledge |
| Jacquerie | (1358) French peasant revolt; an effect of the Black Death's economy & 100 yrs war; rebels massacred to end revolt |
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