| Term | Definition |
|---|
| poll tax | fee charged for voting |
| share cropping | agricultural plan developed in the South after the Civil War; landowner provided tenant with house, tools, etc. in exchange for a "share" of the crop |
| Jim Crow | laws passed in southern states which required African Americans and whites to be separated in almost every public place |
| Radical Republicans | Republicans who called for a tough approach to Reconstruction; they wanted to punish the South for the Civil War |
| segregation | separation of people on the basis of racial, religious, or social differences |
| Reconstruction | process after Civil War of bringing the southern states back into the Union |
| Grandfather Clause | Law which eliminated literacy tests and poll taxes for persons who had voted before 1867 and their descendants |
| Jackie Robinson | Miss Jane's favorite baseball player; first African American to play professional baseball |
| Rosa Parks | woman who initiated the Montgomery Bus Boycott |
| KKK | southern society formed in 1866 to prevent freed men and women from exercising their rights and to help whites regain power |
| thirteenth | amendment which abolished slavery (ordinal number) |
| Black Codes | Laws that limited the freedom of former enslaved people |
| Joe Louis | African American heavyweight boxing champion; favorite of Miss Jane's |
| Carpetbaggers | Northerners who went to the South after the Civil War to profit financially from the confused and unsettled conditions |
| Ida Wells | African American who led the fight against lynching |
| Andrew Johnson | Lincoln's Vice President; first President to be impeached |
| Thurgood Marshall | Argued the case for Kansas family at the Supreme Court; later became the first African American justice on the Supreme Court |
| Freedom Riders | Young college students who went to the South in the 1960's trying to get African Americans to register to vote |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court case which ruled that "separate but equal" was constitutional |
| Tenure of Office | Act that led to Johnson's impeachment |
| Brown v. Board of Education | Supreme Court case which ruled that schools must be integrated, even if they were "equal" |
| Ned | Big Laura's son |
| Nina | Miss Jane's long-time friend |
| W.E.B. DuBois | African American who believed Blacks should fight segregation; he also felt industrial training would limit them to inferior jobs |
| Ulysses Grant | President elected in 1868 and 1872 |
| Rutherford Hayes | Republican candidate for President in 1876 |
| Nathan Bedford Forest | Slave trader, Confederate general, and leader of the KKK |
| Jimmy | Nina's son |
| fifteenth | Amendment which gave African Americans the right to vote (ordinal number) |
| fourteenth | Amendment which gave African Americans citizenship |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Federal agency set up to help former slaves |
| Pardon | Amnesty |
| Scalawags | White southerners who supported Radical Reconstruction |
| MacArthur | Leader of the U.S. Troops in Korea (last name) |
| suburbs | residential areas outside the city |
| Joseph McCarthy | Senator who accused hundreds of American citizens as having communist ties; part of the 1950's Red Scare (first & last names) |
| Korean War | war between North and South Korea; North supported by the Soviet Union and the South by the U.S. and United Nations troops |
| Lucille Ball | popular TV comedian of the 1950's; "I Love Lucy" (first and last names) |
| Richard Nixon | Republican candidate defeated in the 1960 Presidential election; later became first President to resign from office |
| baby boom | sharp increase in the U.S. birthrate after WW2 |
| Fair Deal | Truman's programs which called for new housing and employment projects |
| NATO | Agreement made in 1949 to stand firm against Soviet military threats, made between the U.S., Great Britain, France, and eight other nations |
| Alger Hiss | state department official accused of passing military information to the Soviets (first and last names) |
| Highway Act | 1956 Congressional action that led to the current interstate highway system |
| Rock'n'Roll | Musical style based on rhythm and blues that became popular in the 1950's |
| Elvis Presley | Most popular rock'n'roll entertainer of the 1950's; known for his bumps and grinds on stage (first and last names) |
| conformity | Going along with the majority or behaving according to standards and rules of society |
| U2 | U.S. spy plane shot down by the Soviets |
| Warsaw Pact | agreement among the communist countries of Eastern Europe in response to the formation of NATO |
| sunbelt | warmer states in the South and Southwest; population increased significantly here in the 1950's |
| Beatniks | poets and writers of the 1950's who resisted the "shallowness and conformity" of the 1950's |
| 38th | Line of latitude which divides North and South Korea (ordinal number) |
| Arms Race | competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to develop more destructive weapons |
| John Kennedy | President elected in 1960; assassinated in 1963 (first and last names) |
| iron curtain | term first used by Winston Churchill to describe the barrier of censorship and secrecy between communist countries and the rest of the wester world |
| Berlin Airlift | Mission during the Cold War in which the U.S. flew supplies to West Berlin after the Soviets blocked roads, railroads, and rivers |
| Levitt | Built a housing development with over 17,000 homes on Long Island in New York (last name) |
| Cold War | tensions between the U.S. and Soviet Union after WW2 |
| Bill Haley | Had first big rock'n'roll hit: "Rock Around the Clock" (first and last names) |
| Harry Truman | U.S. President from 1945-1953 (first and last names) |
| Eisenhower | President from 1953-1961 (last name) |
| Truman Doctrine | U.S. policy to give financial and military aid to countries so they could resist communist influence |
| Berlin Wall | Wall built in 1961 between East Berlin and West Berlin |
| Rosenberg | Couple executed for passing military secrets to the Soviets (last name-not plural) |
| Space Race | Competition between the U.S. and the Soviets to be the leader in space exploration |
| containment | U.S. strategy in the 1950's aimed at limiting the spread of communism |
| HUAC | targeted people in the movie industry thought to be communist, part of the 1950's Red Scare |
| NIRA | symbol is blue eagle; set up codes of fair competition |
| FLSA | set up 40 hr. work weeks, established minimum wage, and outlawed child labor |
| Social Security Act | provided unemployed insurance and old age pension |
| NLRB | created to settle corporate disputes and run union elections |
| FERA | distributed $500 million in federal grants to local state governments for direct relief to the unemployed |
| NYA | employed college students to grade papers, do chores, and other jobs on campus |
| CCC | 250,000 immediate jobs for men ages 18-25 and paid them $30 a month; fought forest fines; completed flood control projects |
| TVA | jobs for unemployed; cheap electricity; flood control; recreation opportunities |
| AAA | improved farm prices by cutting production; gov. rented land normally |
| CCC | producers of cotton and other crops would store their crops in gov. warehouses and were loaned money |
| Bank Holiday | closed all banks until gov. examiners could investigate their financial condition; only sound/solvent banks were allowed to reopen |
| FDIC | insured each bank deposit up to $5000 |
| SEC | regulated stock trades and exchanges and punished dishonest stock brokers and speculators |
| Fitzgerald | Author of THE GREAT GATSBY; characters included flappers, bootleggers, and movie makers |
| GARVEY | Popular African American leader who proposed a "Back to Africa" movement and started the UNIA which urged African Americans to take pride in their heritage |
| Lucille Ball | Actress and TV star of the comedy series, "I Love Lucy" |
| Scopes | Tennessee teacher accused of teaching evolution |
| LANGE | American photographer who recorded the Great Depression by taking pictures of the unemployed and rural poor |
| CLEMENCEAU | French premier during World War I; he was the French representative at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919 |
| PRESLEY | Rock'n'Roll star of the 1950's |
| MUSSOLINI | Italian dictator during WW2 |
| TOJO | Japanese nationalist and general; he took control of Japan during World War II; later executed for war crimes |
| BESSIE SMITH | African American blues singer poplar in the 1920's (2 words) |
| HITLER | Leader of Germany during WW2 |
| BRADY | Famous Civil War photographer |
| HUGHES | Poet of the Harlem Renaissance |
| BARTON | Founder of the American Red Cross; she administered care to Union soldiers during the Civil War |
| ARMSTRONG | Important African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpter whose style influenced many later musicians |
| YORK | Greatest American hero of World War I (from Tennessee) |
| STEINBECK | Author of THE GRAPES OF WRATH about Okies moving to California to work in the fields` |
| SHERMAN | Union commander who waged "total war" across Georgia |
| BOOTH | Actor and Confederate supporter who assassinated Abraham Lincoln |
| INOUYE | Japanese American who lost an arm in World War II battle; later became U.S. Senator from Hawaii |
| CHURCHILL | British Prime Minister who opposed the policy of appeasement and led Great Britain through World War II |
| PATTON | American general who was involved in the Normandy invasion and the Battle of the Bulge; known for his great ability in tank warfare |
| MACARTHUR | American general; he commanded U.S. troops in the South Pacific during World War II; later he commanded UN forces in the Korean War; also drove the Bonus Marchers out of DC |
| COOLIDGE | VP who became President after Harding's death; 30th President of the U.S.; known for his honesty and pro-business policies |
| TUSKEGEE AIRMEN | African American group of pilots who shot down more than 200 enemy planes |
| PICKETT | Confederate general famous for his unsuccessful "charge" at Gettysburg |
| CAPONE | Crime boss of the 20's |
| ELEANOR | FDR's wife; only First Lady with her own statue in DC |
| PALMER | Attorney General who ordered raids on homes of suspected radicals and communists during the Red Scare of the 1920's |
| STALIN | Dictator of the Soviet Union; led the SU through World War II and created a powerful Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe after the war |
| RANDOLPH | Founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, made up mostly of African Americans; labor leader who, in 1941, threatened a march on DC protesting discrimination against Blacks in defense industries |
| LINCOLN | 16th President; promoted equal rights for African Americans in the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates; issued the Emancipation Proclamation; assassinated in 1865 |
| ROMMEL | Commander of Axis troops in North Africa, known as the "Desert Fox" |
| TILDEN | Democratic candidate for President in 1876; lost the election by the Compromise of 1877 |
| DIX | Organized large numbers of women to serve as nurses during the Civil War; helped change the prison system nationwide by advocating the development of state hospitals to treat the mentally ill instead of imprisonment |
| ROSAPARKS | American civil rights activist whose arrest in Montgomery, Alabama, led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott (2 words) |
| FORD | American business leader; his moving assembly line could produced cars faster, more efficiently, and at a lower cost |
| FARRAGUT | Union admiral who captured New Orleans during the Civil War |
| CHAPLIN | Actor who popularized the "Little Tramp" character |
| KOREMATSU | Japanese American who sued the U.S. government that his civil rights had been violated when he was placed in an internment camp |
| PERSHING | Head of the AEF during WW1 |
| LINDBERGH | Popular hero of the 1920’s who flew The Spirit of St. Louis nonstop across the Atlantic |
| STONEWALL | Nickname for Southern general who brought reinforcements to Bull Run; killed at Chancellorsville |
| ZIMMERMANN | German foreign minister who sent telegram urging Mexico to join Central Powers against the U.S. in World War I |
| TRUMAN | Elected Vice president in 1944; 33rd President, after FDR's death; led the U.S. through the end of World War II and beginning of the Cold War |
| MCCLELLAN | Union general and candidate for President in 1864 |
| KENNEDY | 35th President elected in 1960; assassinated in 1963 in Dallas |
| EISENHOWER | Allied commander in WW2 in Europe; helped plan the D-Day invasion at Normandy; 34th President |
| CHAMBERLAIN | British Prime Minister who made the Munich Agreement with Hitler |
| RED BARON | German "ace" (pilot) in WW1 |
| LEE | American general who refused o Lincoln's offer to head the Union army in the Civil War; successfully led several battles until his defeat at Gettysburg; surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House |
| HARDING | 29th President elected in 1920; died in 1923; scandals such as Teapot Dome discovered after his death |
| GEORGE | British representative at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919 |
| RUTH | Greatest baseball player of the 1920's |
| DUBOIS | African American educator, editor, and writer; helped found the NAACP |
| JOHNSON | Lincoln's VP; 17th President; impeached because of his unpopular ideas about Reconstruction and held onto he office by one vote |
| HOOVER | Head of the Food Administration during WW1; 31st President, elected in 1928; failed to deal with effectively with the Great Depression; defeated for reelection in 1932 by FDR |
| MCCARTHY | Senator who accused hundreds of American citizens as having communists toes, part of the Red Scare of the 1950's |
| ROSIE THE RIVETER | Advertising character who symbolized women in war manufacturing jobs |
| PERKINS | First woman to serve in a President's Cabinet; Secretary of Labor |
| DAVIS | President of the Confederacy |
| GRANT | Union chief commander at the end of the war; won battles at Vicksburg, Shiloh, Fort Henry, and |
| ROBINSON | American baseball player who was the first Black in the major leagues |
| WILSON | 28h President; proposed the14-Point Plan which included the League of Nations |
| NIXON | 37th President; resigned because of the Watergate scandal |
| WASHINGTON | African American leader and educator who was born into slavery and later became head of Tuskegee Institute for career training for African Americans (Booker T) |
| ROSENBERGS | Couple executed for giving military secrets to the Soviets in the 1950's |
| HEMINGWAY | Ambulance driver in World War I; author of A FAREWELL TO ARMS and THE SUN ALSO RISES |
| HABEAS CORPUS | Right to have charges filed or a hearing before being jailed |
| BLITZ KRIEG | "lighting war" |
| REPARATIONS | Cash payments by losing country to victorious nations after a war |
| CAPITALISM | Economic system based on private property and free enterprise |
| LIBERAL | Someone who favors federal government action to bring about social and economic reform |
| RATIONING | Distribution of scarce resources and products |
| LEAGUE OF NATIONS | Wilson's plan for an international peace organization (3 words) |
| BABY BOOM | Sharp increase in the U.S. birthrate after World War II |
| BOOTLEGGER | Person who smuggled or sold illegal liquor |
| MERRIMACK | Confederate ironclad ship |
| BORDER STATES | States - MD, WVA, KY, DE, MO-that allowed slavery but did not leave the Union during the Civil War (2 words) |
| RECONSTRUCTION | Process, after the Civil War, of bringing the southern states back into the Union |
| CARPET BAGGERS | Northerners who went to the South after the Civil War to profit financially from the confused and unsettled conditions |
| COMMUNISM | Economic system in which all wealth and property are owned by the community as a whole |
| HUNDRED DAYS | First part of FDR's first term during which Congress passed many New Deal programs (2 words) |
| SCALAWAGS | Southern whites in the Republican party during Reconstruction; term has come to mean "scoundrels" or "worthless rascals" |
| SPEAKEASY | Illegal bar that served liquor during Prohibition |
| ASSEMBLY LINE | Henry Ford's method to mass-produce cars (2 words) |
| ANACONDA | Name given to the Civil War battle strategy to "squeeze" the South and cut off from the rest of the world |
| COPPERHEADS | Northerners who opposed the Civil War |
| FASCISM | Term referring to the extreme nationalism and racism in Italy in the 1930's |
| NATIONALISM | Pride in one's country, culture, ethnic group, etc. |
| CONTAINMENT | U.S. strategy in the 1950's aimed at limiting the spread of communism |
| PROHIBITION | Legal ban on alcohol imposed by the 18th Amendmen |
| SHARECROPPING | System in which landowners provided laborers with the supplies needed for farming in exchange for a portion of their crops |
| SELF DETERMINATION | Right of national groups to their own territory and forms of government |
| AXIS | Alliance between Japan, Germany, and Italy |
| FLAPPER | Young woman in the 1920's who rebelled against traditional ways of thinking and acting |
| AMNESTY | Official pardon for crime made against the government |
| TRENCH WARFARE | Form of combat in which soldiers dug deep ditches to seek protection from enemy fire and to defend their positions (2 words) |
| BIG FOUR | Term to describe the major representatives at the peace conference after World War I |
| IRON CURTAIN | Term first used by Winston Churchill to describe the barrier of censorship and secrecy that existed between communists countries and the rest of the world (2 words) |
| GRANDFATHER CLAUSE | Law which eliminated literacy tests and poll taxes for persons who had voted before 1867 and their descendants; this meant only white men qualified to vote (2 words) |
| BRACERO | Program that stimulated emigration from Mexico during WW2; US labor agents recruited 1000's of farm and railroad workers |
| POLL TAX | Fee charged for voting (2 words) |
| SIT DOWN | Type of strike where workers continuously occupy the plant and refuse to work until management agrees to their demands |
| MONITOR | Union ironclad ship |
| NISEI | Japanese Americans born in the U.S. |
| LEND LEASE | Act in March 1941, which allowed the US to sell, lend, or lease arms or other war supplies to any nation considered "vital to the defense (2 words) |
| IMPEACH | To formally charge a government official with wrongdoing while in office |
| DEFICIT SPENDING | Using borrowed money to fund government programs, like in the New Deal |
| DOGFIGHTS | "Duels in the Sky" |
| RATIFY | Approve |
| CONSERVATIVE | Someone who prefers little government action to bring about social and economic reform |
| EMANCIPATE | Set free |
| CODE TALKERS | Navajo troops who used their language to send messages in a code the Japanese were never able to break |
| Hooverville | Shanty town of the 30s |
| Armistice | agreement to stop fighting |
| Antietam | led to emancipation proclamation |
| First battle of bull run | First real battle of the civil war, fought in Manasses |
| Gettysburg | Turning point of civil war |
| Fort Sumter | first shots of civil war fired here |
| Vicksburg | gave union control of the mississippi river |
| Wilderness | armies could hardly see each other through the woods |
| Chancellorsville | battle in Va, CSA won but lost stonewall jackson |
| Battle of the Marne | 1918, allies stop Gr. invasion at the marne river |
| Cantigny | US attacked town of cantigny, captured it, boosted allies morale |
| 2nd battle of the Marne | turning point of WW1 |
| D-Day | allied invasion of normandy, also known as operation overlord |
| Battle of the bulge | Gr. last, desperate attack |
| Coral Sea | J. vs. USA clash near australia,naval battle, no clear winner |
| Midway | turning point of pacific war part of WW2 |
| Guadalcanal | 1st major victory over J., after 6mo bitter fighting |
| Philipines | USA invades ______ and, after a 3 day naval battle, win. they severely damaged J. navy, making no longer a threat |
| Iwo jima | 1945 USA invades this island and plant flag on mt. suribachi |
| Okinawa | USA invades ______ and coporal monthus conquers island |
| SOCIAL SECURITY | Act that provided unemployment insurance and old-age insurance; paid partly by employer and partly by the employee did not cover farm workers and domestic workers, |
| IWO JIMA | Pacific island captured by the Americans in March 1945; commemorated by the US Marine Memorial in DC (2 words) |
| NORMANDY | French coast where Allied troops landed on June 6, 1944, |
| THIRTEEN | Amendment which abolished slavery, |
| SPIRIT OF ST. LOUIS | Lindbergh's airplane, |
| SHILOH | Important Civil War battle in southwest Tennessee, |
| RED SCARE | Fear of foreigners and communists, |
| GETTYSBURG | Union victory here was the turning point in the Civil War, |
| BERLIN AIRLIFT | Mission during the Cold War in which the U.S. flew supplies to West Berlin after the Soviets blocks roads, rivers, and railroads (2 words), |
| JIM CROW | Laws passed in southern states which required African Americans and whites to be separated in almost every public place, |
| WAGNER | Also known as National Labor Relations Act; set up the NLRB to settle corporate disputes and run union elections; when majority of workers in a plant voted to join a labor union, it became the official representative of the workers, |
| BULGE | Battle in late 1944 where Germans mounted last desperate defense against advancing Allies; more than 100,000 casualties; Marked the end of serious German resistance, |
| TRUMAN DOCTRINE | U.S. policy to give financial and military aid to countries so they could resist communism, |
| SEGREGATION | Separation of people on the basis of racial, religious, or social differences, |
| FERA | Federal agency which distributed 500 million dollars to state and local governments to distribute to the poor and unemployed during the Great Depression, |
| DUNKIRK | French port where 300,000 British and French troops were trapped by the Germans; daring rescue by 800 warships, ferries, and fishing boats across the English Channel, |
| CCC | New Deal agency that put over 3 million young men aged 18-25 to work on conservation and rural improvement projects- received room. board, and shelter + $30 per month; required to send $25 home to families; organization created in 1938 that allowed farmers to store surplus crops in government warehouses until prices improved; farmers could borrow against the crop and pay off the loan when they sold the crop, |
| KOREMATSU | _____ v. United States, upheld the internment of Japanese Americans during WW2, |
| BERLIN WALL | Wall built between East Berlin and West Berlin in 1961(2 words), |
| FLSA | Act that set the normal work week at 40 hours, establish a national minimum wage, and outlawed child labor, |
| NYA | New Deal agency which gave college students jobs around the campus so they could stay in school; also keep them out of the job market, |
| MIDWAY | Pacific battle victory here gave Allies control of the \central\ Pacific, |
| PEARL HARBOR | American military base in Hawaii, |
| Hiroshima | Japanese city the first to be hit by an atomic bomb, |
| HARDTACK | Hard, tough cracker eaten by both Confederate and Union soldiers, |
| KAMIKAZE | Japanese suicide pilot, |
| FOURTEEN | Amendment which gave African Americans citizenship in the U.S. as well as in their state, |
| BLUE EAGLE | Symbol of the NRA, |
| SUDETENLAND | Area of Czechoslovakia annexed by Hitler claiming the German-speaking people there were being persecuted, |
| TWENTY ONE | Amendment that repealed the 18th, |
| WPA | New Deal organization that built post offices, city halls, recreation buildings, roads, school, etc.; also provided variety of jobs for actors, musicians, writers, photographers, etc., |
| POLAND | Country whose attack by Germany in 1939 signaled the start of WW2, |
| DUST BOWL | Nickname for the Great Plains regions hit by drought and dust storms in the early 1930's ( 2 words), |
| SEC | Regulated the way companies could issue and sell securities (stocks); power to punish dishonest stockbrokers and speculators (like Martha Stewart), |
| EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION | Order issued by President Lincoln freeing the slaves in those areas in rebellion (2 words), |
| ISLAND HOPPING | Strategy in the Pacific; attacking and capturing certain key islands and then using these as bases for leapfrogging to others, moving closer and closer to the Philippines and then Japan, |
| SUMTER | Charleston fort where the first shots were fired, |
| ENOLA GAY | B-29 bomber that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima (2 words), |
| BLACK CODES | Series of laws passed by southern legislatures to control freed men and women and enable plantation owners to exploit African American workers, |
| MANASSAS | Another name for Bull Run, |
| LEYTE GULF | Pacific battle fought for control of the Philippines; largest naval battle in history, |
| GI BILL OF RIGHTS | Government program that paid for WW2 veterans' education and housing, |
| ANDERSONVILLE | Civil War prison in Georgia, |
| GREAT MIGRATION | Movement of African Americans to the North to seek jobs in the 1920's and 1930's, |
| FAIR DEAL | Truman's programs which called for new housing and employment projects (2 words), |
| JAZZ AGE | Term used to describe the decade's (1920's) break from rules and traditions (2 words), |
| FIRESIDE CHATS | Informal presidential speeches given by FDR in the 1930's (2 words), |
| MARSHALL PLAN | Program after World War II to help boost the economies of European nations (2 words), |
| CENTRAL POWERS | Alliance between Turkey, Austria-Hungary, and Germany in WW1 (2 words), |
| FORDS THEATER | Place where Abe Lincoln was assassinated in 1865 (2 words), |
| ANTIETAM | Union victory here led to the Emancipation Proclamation, |
| NINETEEN | Women's suffrage amendment, |
| PETERSBURG | Union siege here in VA lasted ten months; some of the first trench warfare used here, |
| FREEDMENS BUREAU | Set up to help former slaves adjust to their freedom (2 words), |
| FIFTEEN | Amendment which granted suffrage to African Americans, |
| AAA | New Deal legislation which rented land from farmers in order to raise prices - farmer got rent higher prices and rent money (1933); after 1933 law declared unconstitutional, this legislation in 1938 allotted so much land per farmer in order to keep prices high, taking into consideration demands for product in U.S. and around the world, |
| LUSITANIA | British passenger ship sunk by German U-Boat, |
| MANHATTAN PROJECT | Top secret operation to create the atomic bomb (2 words), |
| NAGASAKI | Japanese city the second to be hit by an atomic bomb, |
| KKK | Southern society formed in 1866 to prevent freed men and women from exercising their rights and to help whites regain power; revised in the 1920's to terrorize foreigners, Catholics, Jews, etc., |
| COLD WAR | Tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after World War II (2 words), |
| TVA | Federal agency established in 933 to develop water-power resources in the Tennessee River valley, |
| VICKSBURG | Union victory here insured control of the Mississippi River, |
| NATO | Agreement made in 1949 to stand firm against Soviet military threats, made between the U.S., Great Britain, France, and eight other nations, |
| FDIC | Insured each bank deposit up to $5,000, |
| VERSAILLES | Treaty that ending World War I that required Germany to pay huge war reparations and established the League of Nations, |
| NRA | New Deal agency created by the NIRA in 1933 which set up codes of fair competition, minimum wage, 40-hour work week, etc.; declared unconstitutional, |
| BROWN VS BOARD OF EDUCATION | Stated in 1954 that it was unconstitutional to maintain separate black and white schools (5 words), |
| HARLEM RENAISSANCE | Period during the 1920's when New York City's Harlem became an intellectual and cultural capital for African Americans (2 words), |
| CORAL SEA | Pacific battle which stopped Japanese advance on Australia (2 words), |
| SAVANNAH | Sherman's destination when he left Atlanta, |
| NEW DEAL | FDR's program to revive the country from the Great Depression, |
| RICHMOND | Confederate capital, |
| U BOAT | German submarine, |
| TENURE OF OFFICE | Act that led to Johnson's impeachment (3 words), |
| TEAPOT DOME | Scandal during the Harding administration, |
| PLESSY VS FERGUSON | Supreme Court case which ruled that \separate but equal\ was constitutional, |
| OPERATION OVERLORD | Code name for the Allied invasion of Europe, |
| BULL RUN | First real battle fought outside Washington, DC, |
| NAZI | Hitler's political party, |
| WARSAW PACT | Agreement among communist nations in response to the creation of NATO, |
| UNITED NATIONS | International peace organization established in 1945 in San Francisco (2 words), |
| NO MANS LAND | Area between the trenches in World War I, |
| EIGHTEEN | Prohibition Amendment, |
| ON MARGIN | Buy stock by paying 10% of the stock price and borrowing the rest, |
| KOREAN WAR | War between North and South Korea in the early 1950's; North supported by the SU and South by the U.S. and the United Nations |
| SHERMAN | Union commander who waged total war across Georgia, |
| FITZGERALD | Author of THE GREAT GATSBY; characters included flappers, bootleggers, and movie makers, |
| MACARTHUR | American general; he commanded U.S. troops in the South Pacific during World War II; later he commanded UN forces in the Korean War; also drove the Bonus Marchers out of DC, |
| PATTON | American general who was involved in the Normandy invasion and the Battle of the Bulge; known for his great ability in tank warfare, |
| LUCILLE BALL | Actress and TV star of the comedy series, I Love Lucy, |
| BOOTH | Actor and Confederate supporter who assassinated Abraham Lincoln, |
| PICKETT | Confederate general famous for his unsuccessful charge at Gettysburg, |
| TOJO | Japanese nationalist and general; he took control of Japan during World War II; later executed for war crimes, |
| PALMER | Attorney General who ordered raids on homes of suspected radicals and communists during the Red Scare of the 1920's, |
| BESSIE SMITH | African American blues singer poplar in the 1920's (2 words), |
| STALIN | Dictator of the Soviet Union; led the SU through World War II and created a powerful Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe after the war, |
| HITLER | Leader of Germany during WW2, |
| ROMMEL | Commander of Axis troops in North Africa, known as the Desert Fox, |
| DIX | Organized large numbers of women to serve as nurses during the Civil War; helped change the prison system nationwide by advocating the development of state hospitals to treat the mentally ill instead of imprisonment, |
| FORD | American business leader; his moving assembly line could produced cars faster, more efficiently, and at a lower cost, |
| ARMSTRONG | Important African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpter whose style influenced many later musicians, |
| CHAPLIN | Actor who popularized the Little Tramp character, |
| KOREMATSU | Japanese American who sued the U.S. government that his civil rights had been violated when he was placed in an internment camp, |
| STONEWALL | Nickname for Southern general who brought reinforcements to Bull Run; killed at Chancellorsville, |
| KENNEDY | 35th President elected in 1960; assassinated in 1963 in Dallas, |
| HARDING | 29th President elected in 1920; died in 1923; scandals such as Teapot Dome discovered after his death, |
| RED BARON | German ace (pilot) in WW1, |
| TRUMAN | Elected Vice president in 1944; 33rd President, after FDR's death; led the U.S. through the end of World War II and beginning of the Cold War, |
| RUTH | Greatest baseball player of the 1920's, |
| JOHNSON | Lincoln's VP; 17th President; impeached because of his unpopular ideas about Reconstruction and held onto he office by one vote, |
| WILSON | 28h President; proposed the14-Point Plan which included the League of Nations, |
| ROSIE THE RIVETER | Advertising character who symbolized women in war manufacturing jobs, |
| WASHINGTON | African American leader and educator who was born into slavery and later became head of Tuskegee Institute for career training for African Americans (Booker T), |
| HEMINGWAY | Ambulance driver in World War I; author of A FAREWELL TO ARMS and THE SUN ALSO RISES, |
| ROSENBERGS | Couple executed for giving military secrets to the Soviets in the 1950's, |
| STEINBECK | Author of THE GRAPES OF WRATH about Okies moving to California to work in the fields, |
| GARVEY | Popular African American leader who proposed a Back to Africa movement and started the UNIA which urged African Americans to take pride in their heritage, |
| COOLIDGE | VP who became President after Harding's death; 30th President of the U.S.; known for his honesty and pro-business policies, |
| TUSKEGEE AIRMEN | African American group of pilots who shot down more than 200 enemy planes, |
| MUSSOLINI | Italian dictator during WW2, |
| INOUYE | Japanese American who lost an arm in World War II battle; later became U.S. Senator from Hawaii, |
| SCOPES | Tennessee teacher accused of teaching evolution, |
| NELSON MANDELA?? idk it got deleted | French premier during World War I; he was the French representative at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919, |
| CHURCHILL | British Prime Minister who opposed the policy of appeasement and led Great Britain through World War II, |
| LANGE | American photographer who recorded the Great Depression by taking pictures of the unemployed and rural poor, |
| CAPONE | Crime boss of the 20's, |
| PRESLEY | Rock'n'Roll star of the 1950's, |
| ELEANOR | FDR's wife; only First Lady with her own statue in DC, |
| LINCOLN | 16th President; promoted equal rights for African Americans in the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates; issued the Emancipation Proclamation; assassinated in 1865, |
| RANDOLPH | Founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, made up mostly of African Americans; labor leader who, in 1941, threatened a march on DC protesting discrimination against Blacks in defense industries, |
| BRADY | Famous Civil War photographer, |
| HUGHES | Poet of the Harlem Renaissance, |
| Tilden | Democratic candidate for President in 1876; lost the election by the Compromise of 1877, |
| ROSA PARKS | American civil rights activist whose arrest in Montgomery, Alabama, led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott (2 words), |
| BARTON | Founder of the American Red Cross; she administered care to Union soldiers during the Civil War, |
| YORK | Greatest American hero of World War I (from Tennessee), |
| FARRAGUT | Union admiral who captured New Orleans during the Civil War, |
| ZIMMERMANN | German foreign minister who sent telegram urging Mexico to join Central Powers against the U.S. in World War I, |
| LINDBERGH | Popular hero of the 1920’s who flew The Spirit of St. Louis nonstop across the Atlantic, |
| MCCLELLAN | Union general and candidate for President in 1864, |
| PERSHING | Head of the AEF during WW1, |
| EISENHOWER | Allied commander in WW2 in Europe; helped plan the D-Day invasion at Normandy; 34th President, |
| LEE | American general who refused o Lincoln's offer to head the Union army in the Civil War; successfully led several battles until his defeat at Gettysburg; surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House, |
| CHAMBERLAIN | British Prime Minister who made the Munich Agreement with Hitler, |
| GEORGE | British representative at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919, |
| ROBINSON | American baseball player who was the first Black in the major leagues, |
| GRANT | Union chief commander at the end of the war; won battles at Vicksburg, Shiloh, Fort Henry, and Fort Donelson; 18th President; elected President in 1868 and 1872, |
| MCCARTHY | Senator who accused hundreds of American citizens as having communists toes, part of the Red Scare of the 1950's, |
| HOOVER | Head of the Food Administration during WW1; 31st President, elected in 1928; failed to deal with effectively with the Great Depression; defeated for reelection in 1932 by FDR, |
| DUBOIS | African American educator, editor, and writer; helped found the NAACP, |
| PERKINS | First woman to serve in a President's Cabinet; Secretary of Labor, |
| DAVIS | President of the Confederacy, |
| NIXON | 37th President; resigned because of the Watergate scandal |
| 1861-1865 | Civil War |
| 1939-1945 | WW II |
| 1941-1945 | US in WW II |
| 12/7/1941 | Pearl Harbor |
| 1914-1918 | WW I |
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