Digestive System Test
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Created by:
jenicaalvarez on September 27, 2010
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Feces | solid wastes in the large intestine that are expelled from the body during bowel movements. |
| Villi | microscopic, fingerlike projections that line the inner wall of the small intestine and increase the surface area available for absorption of nutrients. |
| Surface area | the part of an object that makes direct contact with its environment. |
| Absorption | the process by which digested nutrients pass through the wall of the small intestine into the bloodstream. |
| Duodenum | the first 25 cm of the small intestine; site where most chemical digestion occurs. |
| Active transport | the process by which materials, using energy supplied by the cell, are moved across a membrane. |
| Diffusion | the process by which molecules move from places where there are more concentrates to places where they are less concentrated. A form of passive transport. |
| Pancreatic juice | liquid secreted by the pancreas which contains a variety of enzymes; aids in the digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. |
| Bile | dark green to yellow-brown fluid produced by the liver; helps digest fats in the small intestine. |
| Semi | permeable membrane- membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through by diffusion. |
| chyme | a pulpy mixture of food and gastric juices; produced in the stomach, from which it passes into the small intestine. |
| gastric juice | a liquid that includes hydrochloric acid and pepsin and that is responsible for the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach. |
| mucus | a thick, sticky substance that lines and protects the inner walls of the digestive organs; it facilitates that passage of food through the digestive tract and helps protect the walls of the digestive trace from being digested. |
| ulcer | an open sore or lesion in the skin or mucous membrane. |
| heartburn | a painful sensation in the lower esophagus or upper stomach; sometimes caused by excess stomach acid. |
| hydrochloric acid | a component of gastric juice that helps create the environment that pepsin needs to break down protein in the stomach. |
| pepsin | an enzyme in the stomach that breaks down protein. |
| amylase | a digestive enzyme that breaks down starch. |
| enzyme | a protein that is capable of speeding up a chemical reaction. |
| epiglottis | a flap of tissue that sits at the base of the tongue that keeps food from going into the windpipe during swallowing. |
| salivary glands | glands that produce saliva and also secrete amylase |
| bolus | a ball-shaped mass moving through the digestive tract. |
| saliva | watery substance secreted by three pairs of glands around the mouth; helps moisten and soften food for swallowing; contains an enzyme called amylase that begins the digestion of starch. |
| Benedict's | a chemical indicator that, when added to a solution and heated, changes from blue to light green to red in the presence of increasing concentrations of sugar. |
| Fat | one of the three basic food types; found in oils and some dairy products. |
| Lugol | a yellow-brown indicator that turn blue-black when it come into contact with starch. |
| Carbohydrate | one of the three basic food types; may be in the form of starch, sugar, or fiber. |
| Indicator | a substance that changes in some way to indicate the presence of another substance. |
| Protein | one of the three basic food types; needed for building and repair of tissue in the body. |
| Mineral | natural chemicals from the environment which build bones, teeth, and blood cells. |
| Nutrient | fuels the body needs to keep you going. |
| Vitamin | chemicals made by living organisms (organic) that help with chemical reactions, build blood cells, and control the nervous system. |
| Sphincter | a ring of muscle that aids in the one way passage of food through the digestive tract. |
| Mucus | a thick, sticky substance that lines and protects the inner walls of the digestive organs. |
| Peristalsis | regular muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. |
| Digestion | the mechanical and chemical breaking down of food into smaller components that can be absorbed into a blood stream |
| Mechanical digestion | the tearing and grinding action, the mixing and mashing action, and the breaking down of large food particles into smaller particles. |
| Chemical digestion | a series of actions whose purpose is to break down the chemical bonds in nutrients so that they can be absorbed into the bloodstream. |
| Homeostasis | the ability of an organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain equilibrium |
| Tissue | a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a specific function. |
| Body system | a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. |
| Organ | a group of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function. |
| Cell | the smallest unit of an organism that can carry out the basic functions of life. |
| Organism | the complete living thing. |
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