| Term | Definition |
|---|
| a structural unit of a definable syntactic, semantic, or phonological category that consists of one or more linguistic elements (as words, morphemes, or features) and that can occur as a component of a larger construction | constituent |
| any of the abstract units of the phonetic system of a language that correspond to a set of similar speech sounds (as the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) which are perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language | phoneme |
| a distinctive collocation of phonemes (as the free form pin or the bound form -s of pins) having no smaller meaningful parts | morpheme |
| made up of morphemes | word |
| made up of words | constituent |
| made up of constituents | phrase |
| made up of phrases | sentence |
| governs sentence structure | hierarchy |
| the way in which linguistic elements (as words) are put together to form constituents (as phrases or clauses) | syntax |
| of, relating to, or constituting a procedure that can repeat itself indefinitely <a recursive rule in a grammar | recursive steps |
| the minimal/smallest unit of a word that has sound or meaning | morpheme 2 |
| have no inherent meaning, provide grammatical info | function morphemes |
| do not occur on their own | bound morphemes |
| have inherent meaning | content morphemes |
| occur on their own, also called roots | free morphemes |
| different words, same structure | word categories are more important than words because...1 |
| sentence can have infinite number of words | word categories are more important than words because...2 |
| takes the plural morpheme -s, can be modified by a possessive 's, contains morphemes such as ity, action, er, ion, ment, ance, hood preceeded by adj., followe | noun |
| modifies a noun | adjective |
| modifies verb, adjective, or other adverb | adverb |
| describes spatial or temporal relation, direction, and alternatives (except, despite) | preposition |
| 1) affixes 2) position | ways to identify word category? |
| morphological & syntactical | properties used to identify word category? |
| main word of the phrase | head of a clause |
| built around a noun, head of NP | noun phrase |
| determiner, adjective phrase, relative clause, complementizer clause | noun phrase optionals |
| the fact/that he knew too much | complementizer clause |
| built around verb, head of VP | verb phrase |
| noun phrase, prepositional phrase, adverb phrase, auxiliaries | verb phrase optionals |
| built around an adjective, head of AP | adjective phrase |
| adverb phrase, prepositional phrase, complementizer phrase | adjective phrase optionals |
| built around an adverb, head of AdvP | adverb phrase |
| other adverbs (very quickly) | adverb phrase optionals |
| built around preposition, head of PP | prepositional phrase |
| noun phrase (to the store), adverbs (extremely near) | prep. phrase optionals |
| everything that is dominated by a single node or has the same mother | constituent |
Combine with other sets
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