1.
Ansa Cervicalis: Innervates some of the strap muscles; loops around the jugular vessels; lies on top of the carotid sheath; supplies infrahyoid muscles (except thyrohyoid); provides sensory fibers to CN XI
2.
Autonomic Nerves: Nerves include CN IX, X, sympathetic trunk, and carotid nerves
3.
Carotid Body: Lies on the medial side of the bifurcation; is highly vascularized; contains chemoreceptors that detect blood CO2 levels; if CO2 levels get too high, a reflex is stimulated that tells the brain to increase respiratory rate, cardiac rate, and blood pressure
4.
Carotid Body: Monitors blood pH and regulates ventilation to keep CO2 levels correct; innervated by vagus and carotid sinus nerves
5.
Carotid Sinus: Enlargement of the internal carotid artery; contains baroreceptors/pressuroreceptors that monitor blood pressure and react to changes in arterial blood pressure
6.
Carotid Sinus: Innervated by the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
7.
Common Carotid: No branches; usually bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries at the thyroid (C4), but this is variable
8.
Cricothyrotomy: Palpate and cut hole through cricothyroid membrane and inserts tube to establish airway; vocal cords are in danger
9.
External Carotid: More anterior and lateral; numerous branches for viscera of face, neck, and mouth; terminal branches are the maxillary and superficial temporal artery
10.
External Laryngeal Nerve: A motor nerve that innervates the cricothyroid muscle and external portion of vocal cords
11.
Facial Artery: Runs laterally over the edge of the mandible across the face
12.
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX): Supplies two structures at the carotid bifurcation
13.
Hypoglossal (CV XII): Motor nerve that supplies the tongue and part of the pharyngeal plexus; exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal and travels to the tongue
14.
Inferior Laryngeal Nerve (Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve): Located in the groove between the esophagus and the trachea; motor supply to the laryngeal muscles which produce vocation; can be cut during surgery, causing the patient to become hoarse; if cut on both sides, can lose voice completely
15.
Inferior sympathetic ganglia: May fuse with the first thoracic ganglion form the stellate ganglion at C7 level
16.
Inferior thyroid, transverse cervical, and suprascapular arteries: Thyrocervical trunk branches
17.
Internal Carotid: Travels superiorly to the base of the skull; no branches; more medial and posterior
18.
Internal Jugular Vein: Drains head and neck; deep inside the carotid sheath; drains all blood from the brain and much of the head and neck; can be variable
19.
Internal Laryngeal Nerve: A sensory nerve that innervates the mucosa of larynx
20.
Left common carotid: Usually comes off of aortic arch; travels up the neck towards the brain
21.
Lingual: Deep; supplies tongue
22.
Lymphatics: All drain toward the carotid sheath through deep cervical nodes; lymph feeds into the lymphatic trunk, which drains into the subclavian vein at junction of IJV
23.
Middle cervical ganglia: Usually small and occasionally absent; lies in anterior aspect of the inferior thyroid artery at C6 level
24.
Parathyroid Gland: Controls the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium in the blood; responsible for releasing calcium and stimulates osteoclasts
25.
Phrenic Nerve: Has motor, sensory, and sympathetic nerve fibers; mainly from C4, but C3 and C5 also contribute
26.
Phrenic Nerve: Formed at the lateral borders of the anterior scalene muscles; travels through thorax to the mediastinum and supplies the diaphragm
27.
Retromandibular Vein: Drains the large venous plexus behind the mouth and face
28.
Retromandibular, superior thyroid, and middle thyroid veins: Drain into IJV
29.
Right common carotid: Branches off brachiocephalic trunk; travels up the neck towards the brain
30.
Right lympathic duct: Drains right side of head, neck, and trunk, as well as the right upper extremity
31.
Superior and Inferior Laryngeal Nerves: Vagus nerve branches:
32.
Superior and inferior thyroid arteries: Thyroid gland blood supply
33.
Superior and Middle Thyroid Veins: Drains the thyroid gland
34.
Superior Laryngeal Nerve: Consists of the external laryngeal nerve and the internal laryngeal nerve
35.
Superior sympathetic ganglia: Largest in cervical sympathetic trunk; good landmark for locating sympathetic trunk at C1,2 level; sympathetic trunk stops at the base of the skull at the superior cervical ganglion
36.
Superior Thyroid: Travels inferiorly through the neck to supply the thyroid gland
37.
Superior thyroid, lingual, and facial: Major Branches of the External Carotid
38.
Superior, middle, and inferior: Three cervical sympathetic ganglia
39.
Sympathetic Trunk: Sympathetic fibers first exit spinal cord at the level of T1; preganglionic fibers travel up the trunk to snapse in the cervical ganglia and postganglionic fibers traverse out into the head and neck on blood vessels
40.
Sympathetic Trunk: A continuation of the trunk in the thorax; however, the cervical portion contains only three cervical sympathetic ganglia
41.
Thoracic duct: Drains left side of head, neck, and trunk, as well as the lower body
42.
Thyrocervical Trunk: Comes off subclavian; branches
43.
Thyroid Gland: Largest endocrine gland; sits at the base of the neck; bilobed with isthmus connection at 2rd-3rd tracheal ring; very vascular
44.
Tracheostomy: A more permanent procedure; surgical procedure done to establish airway in patients with upper airway obstruction or respiratory failure. An opening is made in the trachea between the 2nd-3rd tracheal rings. A tracheal tube is then put in the trachea and secured. Danger in vocal cords, and in infants, the esophagus is vulnerable due to their soft trachea.
45.
Vagus (CN X): Autonomic, parasympathetic, motor (primarily to larynx), and sensory (to the pharyngeal region); follows carotid artery within the carotid sheath and runs into the thorax
46.
Vertebral Artery: Branches off first part of subclavian artery that ascends through the foramina of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
