| Term | Definition |
|---|
| selectively permeable | a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot |
| diffusion | molecules move from an area in which they are highly concentrated to an area in which they are less concentrated |
| osmosis | the diffusion of watermolecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
| passive transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy |
| active transport | the movment of materials through a cell membrane using energy |
| photosynthesis | plants and some other oragisms capture light energy and use it to make food from carbon dioxide and water |
| pigment | a colored chemical compound that absorbs light producing color |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment found in chloroplast of plants algea and some bacteria |
| stomata | the small opening on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move |
| respiration | the process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain |
| fermentation | the process by which cells break down molecules to realease energy without using oxygen |
| cell cycle | the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo |
| interphase | the stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs |
| replication | a cell make s a copy of the dna in its nucleus |
| mitosis | the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the dna is distributed into each daughter cell |
| chromosome | a rod-shaped cellular structure made of condensed chromatin; contains dna that carries the genetic information that controls inherited characteristics |
| chromatid | one of the identical rods of a chromosome |
| cytokinesis | the final stage of the cells cycle in which the cells cytoplasm divides distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells |
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