Earth space science Ch. 2
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 andesitic | igneous rocks with a composition between granitic and basaltic rocks |
| basalt | very dark green to black fine-grained volcanic rock composed primarily of pyroxene and plagioclase feldspar. most common extrusive igneous rocks |
| breccia | a sedimentary rock composed of angular fragments |
| metamorphism | change form by heat and pressure |
| metamorphism contact/thermal | changes in a rock caused by heat from a nearby magma body |
| metamorphism regional | metamorphism associated with large-scale mountain-building processes |
| crystallization | the formation and growth of a crystalline solid, a liquid, or gas// cooling magma crystallizes |
| sedimentary | rock formed from the weathered products of preexisting rocks that have been transported, deposited, and lithified |
| sedimentary detrital | weathered rocks, such as igneous |
| sedimentary chemical | formed by chemical sediment precipitated from water |
| igneous | a rock formed by the crystallization of magma |
| igneous extrusive/volcanic | solidified lava that is extruded onto the surface |
| igneous intrusive/plutonic | igneous rock that intrude existing rocks// crystallizes below surface |
| felsic | igneous granitic-feldspar plus silica |
| mafic | igneous basaltic-magnesium plus ferrum |
| gneiss | banded metamorphic rocks that contain mostly elongated and granular minerals |
| granite | coarse-grained igneous rock that forms where large masses of magma slowly solidify at depth |
| lava | similar to magma except without gaseous components |
| magma | molten rock below surface(especially silicate materials), gases, water vapor |
| lithification | process (compaction) in which sediments become sedimentary rock |
| foliated | metamorphic, minerals of rock in parallel alignment |
| non-foliated | metamorphic, ex, coarse-grained igneous rock that is metamorphosed(limestone forms marble) |
| strata | layers of sedimentary rock (record h/o environment) |
| marble | metamorphic rock; parent rock is limestone; large interlocking calcite crystals |
| limestone | most common chemical sedimentary rock; calcite |
| porphyritic | igneous, large crystals embedded in matrix of smaller crystals |
| shale | most common sedimentary rock, fine grain sediment, detrital |
| coal | chemical sedimentary rock; end product of burial of plants |
| evaporites | chemical sedimentary rock, previously covered by shallow seas |
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