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Judiciary Act of 1789 Organized the federal legal system, establishing the Supreme Court,federal district and circuit courts, and the office of the attorney general. Funding at Par payments of debts, such as government bonds, at face value. In 1790, Alexander Hamilton proposed that the federal government pay its Revolutionary war debts in full in order to bolster the nation's credit. Bank of the United States Chartered by the congress as part of Alexander Hamilton's financial program, the bank printed paper money and served as a depository of Treasury funds. It drew opposition from Jeffersonian Republicans, who argued that the bank was unconstitutional. Strict constructionist a person who interprets the Constitution in a way that allows the federal government to take only those actions the Constitution specifically says it can take Whiskey Rebellion In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion. The loyal opposition The party out of power in the two-party system which keeps politics from drifting too far from the wishes of the people Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 Issued by George Washington, it proclaimed America's formal Neutrality in the escalating conflict between England and France. Little Turtle and the Miami Was a chief in the Miami tribe, was a military leader, he won several victories and was an advocate of peace. Battle of Fallen Timbers The U.S. Army defeated the Native Americans under Shawnee Chief Blue Jacket and ended Native American hopes of keeping their land that lay north of the Ohio River Treaty of Greenville This treaty between the Americans and the Native Americans. In exchange for some goods, the Indians gave the United States territory in Ohio. Anthony Wayne was the American representative. Jay's Treaty Negotiated by Chief Justice John kay in an effort to avoid war with Britain, the treaty included a British promise to evacuate outposts on U.S. soil and pay damages for seized American vessels, in exchange for which jay bound The united States to repay Revolutionary war debts and to abide by Britain's restrictive trading policies toward France. Pickney's Treaty of 1795 signed with Spain which, fearing an Anglo-American alliance, granted Americans free navigation of the Mississippi and the disputed territory of Florida. XYZ Affair Diplomatic conflict between France and the united States when American envoys to France were asked to pay a hefty bribe for the privilege of meeting the French Foreign minister. Convention of 1800 Agreement to formally dissolve the united states' treaty with France, originally signed during the Revolutionary war. The difficulties posed by American's peacetime alliance with France contributed to Americans' longstanding opposition to entangling alliances with Foreign powers. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions Statements secretly drafted by Jefferson and Madison for the legislatures of Virginia and Kentucky. Argued that the states were the final arbiters of whether the federal government overstepped its boundaries and could therefore nullify, or refuse to accept, national legislation they deemed unconstitutional.