Cheltenham Circulation Review
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Created by:
cheltenham on May 21, 2008
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 pulmonary artery | carries deoxygentated blood from the heart to the lungs |
| pulmonary vein | carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart |
| aorta | carries oxygenated blood to the body (systemic system) |
| vena cava | carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart |
| left ventricle | thickest chamber of the heart |
| valves | prevents the backflow of blood in veins and heart |
| artery | blood vessels with the thickest walls |
| veins | blood vessels with largest internal diameter and valves |
| capillaries | microscopic blood vessels for exchange of materials |
| white blood cells | cells that fight infection |
| red blood cells | cells that contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen |
| platelets | cell fragments that play a role in blood clotting |
| plasma | liquid portion of blood |
| antibodies | proteins that fight infection |
| double-loop system | blood travels to the heart two times in a full cycle |
| single-loop system | blood travels to the heart one time in a full cycle |
| open circulatory system | type of circulatory system in arthropods (example: grasshopper), "blood" is not always within a vessel |
| closed circulatory system | type of circulatory system in annelids (example: earthworm) and vertebrates, "blood" is always within a vessel |
| diffusion | the movement of materials from high to low concentrations (used by jellyfish to move gases, nutrients and wastes) |
| bicuspid valve | prevents the back flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium |
| tricuspid valve | prevents the back flow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium |
| pulmonary semilunar valve | prevents the back flow of blood when blood is leaving the right ventricle |
| aortic semilunar valve | prevents the back flow of blood when blood is leaving the left ventricle |
| septum | separates the right and left ventricles in mammals and birds |
| amphibians | have a double loop system; heart has three chambers |
| reptiles | have a double loop system; heart has three "and a half" chambers |
| fish | have a single loop system; heart has two chambers |
| SA node | also known as the pacemaker; causes the atria to contract and sends a delayed message to the AV node |
| AV node | causes the ventricles to contract |
| blood pressure | indicates the systolic and diastolic pressure as blood travels through an artery |
| systolic pressure | pressure of blood when the ventricles are contracting |
| diastolic pressure | pressure of blood when the ventricles are relaxed |
| aneurysm | a balloon-like bulge in an artery |
| arrhythmia | problem with rate/rhythm of the heartbeat |
| angina | pain/discomfort because heart muscle is not getting enough oxygen-rich blood |
| Raynaud's | affects arteries; brief episodes of vasospasms |
| atherosclerosis | plaque build-up inside arteries; can lead to heart attack or stroke |
| stroke | blood flow to brain is stopped |
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