Vital Signs
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Created by:
kristen7168 on September 29, 2010
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 PO Temp | 98.6 |
| Axillary Temp | 97.6 |
| Tempanic and Rectal Temp | 99.6 |
| Fever | a condition in which the body temperature exceeds 99.3F (37.4C) |
| Pyrexia | a condition in which the temperature is warmer than the normal set point |
| Hyperthermia | a condition in which core temperature is excessively high and the temperature exceeds 105.8F |
| The four phases of fever | (1) prodromal phase, (2) onset/invasion phase, (3) stationary phase, and (4) resolution phase |
| Hypothermia | a condition in which the core body temperature is less than 95F (35C) - midly, moderately, and severe |
| Pulse | Produced by the movement of blood during the heart's contraction - normal is 60-100 BPM |
| Tachycardia | an abnormally fast pulse rate, usually above 100 BPM |
| Bradycardia | an abnormally slow pulse rate, usually below 60 BPM |
| Pulse rhythm | pattern and equality of intervals between beats |
| Pulse volume | quality of pulsations felt (thready = weak, bounding = strong) |
| Eight arteries where the pulse can be felt | temporal, carotid, radial, brachial, popliteal, femoral, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis |
| Pulse deficit | the difference between the apical and radial pulse rates |
| Apical pulse can be heard at the | left midclavicular line on the fifth intercostal space (5th rib) |
| Respiration | exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Respiratory rate | the number of ventilations per minute - normal is 12-20 breaths per minute |
| Tachypnea | an abnormally fast respiratory rate, usually more than 20 breaths per minute |
| Bradypnea | an abnormally slow respiratory rate, usually fewer than 12 breaths per minute |
| Hyperventilation | an abnormal breathing characteristic - rapid/deep breathing |
| Hypoventilation | an abnormal breathing characteristic - diminished breathing |
| Dyspnea | an abnormal breathing characteristic - difficult or labored breathing |
| Orthopnea | an abnormal breathing characteristic - ability to breath only in an upright position |
| Apnea | an abnormal breathing characteristic - absence of breathing |
| Stertorous breathing | an abnormal breathing characteristic - noisy ventilation |
| Stridor | an abnormal breathing characteristic - a harsh/hi-pitched sound heard on inspiration (laryngeal obstruction) |
| Blood pressure | the amount of force exerted against the walls of an artery by the blood - normal 120/80 |
| Cardiac output | the amount of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart during one minute - the product of the heart rate and stroke - 5 to 6 L at rest |
| Stroke volume | the amount of blood entering the aorta with each ventricle contraction |
| Factors affecting blood pressure | age, circadian rhythm, gender, exercise, emotions and pain |
| Diastolic pressure | the amount force exerted when the heart is at rest in between each beat; the lowest pressure exerted against the arterial walls at all times |
| Systolic pressure | the amount of force exerted within the arteries while the heart is actively pumping or contracting; the maximum pressure exerted against the arterial walls |
| Brachial artery | artery where the blood pressure is usually assessed |
| 80 - 100% | amount that the inflatable bladder must encircle the arm during a BP |
| 40% | minimum amount of the length of the arm that a BP cuff must cover |
| Hypertension | high blood pressure |
| Hypotension | low blood pressure |
| Orthostatic hypotension | sudden but temporary drop in blood pressure when rising from a reclining position |
| T-P-R | temperature - pulse - respirations |
| Postprandial hypotension | a drop in blood pressure after eating, usually more common in older adults |
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