1.
Acid: substance that liberates hydrogen in water (aquos solution)
2.
Acids: have more H+ than OH-
3.
Activation Energy: energy needed to start a chemical reaction
4.
Active Site: where chemical bonds are made or broken
5.
Active Transport: the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
6.
ADP: attached to the phospate after the oxidation of food cells, and is used up when a phosphate is used.
7.
Anabolism: builds up
8.
Anatomical position: standard position in which the body is facing forward, feet are parallel, and the arms are at the sides with palms facing forward.
9.
Anatomy: the study of the structure and shape of the body and there relationship to one another
10.
Anterior: of or near the head end or toward the front plane of the body.
11.
ATP: provides a form of chemical energy that is usable by all body cells. ATP is used to provide cellular energy.
12.
Avascular: no blood supply of their own is required.
13.
Base: substance that accepts hydrogen atoms
14.
Basement membrance: structureless material seecreted by cells
15.
Biochemistry: the chemistry of living materials.
16.
Buffer: substance that helps stabilize pH levels of solutions.
17.
Cardiovascular System: of the heart and vessels., the body system that consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells.
18.
Catabolism: Break-down or simplify.
19.
Centriole: rod-shaped bodies that lie at the right angles to each other internally, they are made out of microtubules.
20.
Chemical Element: the unique substances that cannot be broken down.
21.
Chemical Formula: a combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance.
22.
Chromosomes/Chromatin: chromatin, when a cell is dividing, its DNA is combined with the Nucleus. Chromosomes are dense rod-like bodies created when the chromatin threads coil and condenses.`
23.
Cilia: whiplike cellular extensions that move substances along the cells.
24.
co-enzymes: vitamins + vitamin fragments
25.
contralateral: on or relating to the opposite side (of the body)
26.
Covalent bond: bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
27.
cytology: study of the structure of individual cells.
28.
Cytosol: semitransparent fluid that suspends the other elements within a cell.
29.
Decompostition Reaction: when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules.
30.
Deep: away from the body surface, more internal.
31.
desmosomes: anchoring junctions that prevents cells subjected to mechanical stress from being pulled apart; button like thickenings of adjacent plasma membranes connected by fine protein filaments
32.
Diffusion: the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
33.
Digestive System: body system the breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.
34.
Distal: farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
35.
Eight Types of Connective Tissues: Bone, cartilage, dense fibrous, loose conective, areolar, adipose, reticular, and blood
36.
Electrolyte: breaks down molecules when in a solution and is capable of conducting electric current.
37.
embryology: study of the developement of the organisms
38.
Endocytosis: the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell
39.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: an internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed.
40.
Endrocrine System: controls many body processes by means of chemicals.
41.
enzymes: proteins composed of amino acids
42.
Erythropeitin: produced by kidneys
43.
Examples of Disaccharides: Sucrose, Maltose and Lactose
44.
Examples of Enzymes: Sucrase and Procase
45.
Examples of Monosaccharides: Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose
46.
Examples of Polysaccharides: Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose
47.
Exocytosis: process by which vesicles release their contents outside the cell
48.
Facilitated Diffusion: movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
49.
Filtration: forced movement of molecules through membranes
50.
Five basic survival needs: Water, Nutrients, Oxygen, Body Temperature, and Atmospheric Pressure.
51.
Five Characteristics of Water: Surface Tension, High Heat Capacity, Polarity/ Solvent Properties, Chemical Reactions and Cushioning
52.
Five Epithelial Tissue Functions: Protection, absorbtion, filtration, and secretion.
53.
Flagella: substancially longer projections formed by centrioles.
54.
Four Types of Tissues: Epithelium, connective, nervious and muscle.
55.
Frontal: palne that divides the body into anterior and posterior
56.
Functional Chracteristics of Nervous Tissues: Irritability and conductivity.
57.
Functions required to maintain life: Movement, Responsiveness, Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion, Reproduction, Growth, and Mainting Boundries.
58.
gap junctions: cell junctions that allow cells to act as one whole unit
59.
Golgi Apparatus: stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
60.
Histology: study if microscopic structure of plant or animal tissues.
61.
histology: study of tissues
62.
Homeostasis: the ability of a living thing to keep conditions inside its body constant.
63.
Homestatic imbalance: the body is not equalibrium
64.
Importance of Calcium: used for blood clotting.
65.
Inferior: away frm the head of the body.
66.
Inorganic Compound: copmpound lacking carbon.
67.
Integumentary system: the external covering of the body.
68.
Intermediate: between a more medial anda more lateral structure.
69.
Interstitial Fluid: duiled saltwater solution that cells are constantly soaked in.
70.
Ion: atom that has a positive or negative charge.
71.
Ionic bond: formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
72.
ipsilateral: on or relating to the same side (of the body)
73.
Isotope: one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons.
74.
Lactic Acid: when a muscle continues to burn sugar but doesn't have eough oxygent do it properly, it produces this.
75.
Lateral: away from the midline.
76.
Lymphatic System: a network of veinlike vessels that returns the fluid that leaks out of blood vessels to the bloodstream.
77.
Lysosomes: cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell.
78.
Medial: toward the midline of the body.
79.
Microfilaments: small strands that aid in cell movement and muscle contraction.
80.
Microtuble: overall shape of cell and the distribution of organelles.
81.
Mitochrondria: organelle that breaks down glucose to produce energy.
82.
Muscular System: includes the muscle tissues, and gives support, structure, and movement throughout the body
83.
Nervous System: body system of nervous tissues--organized into the brain,spinal courd, and nerves--that send and receive messages and integreate the body's activities.
84.
Nuclear Pore: penetrate through the fused regions of the nuclear envelope.
85.
Nucleolus: membrane tructure that contains cell's hereditary information and controls cell growth and reproduction.
86.
Nucleus: dense central body in most cells containing the genetic material of the cells. (Control Center)
87.
Osmosis: diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
88.
pathology: study of disease processes
89.
Peroxisome: a microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.
90.
pH: measure of relative acidity and alkiliney
91.
Phagocytosis: process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell
92.
Physiology: the study of how the body and its parts function
93.
Pinocytosis: process by which certain cells can engulf and incorporate droplets of fluid
94.
Plasma Membrane: the membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell's chemical composition.
95.
Posterior: at or near the hind end in quadrupeds or toward the spine in primates.
96.
Proximal: closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
97.
Reproductive System: produces offspring.
98.
Respiratory System: takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide
99.
Salt: ionic compound that dissolves into changed particles
100.
Skeletal System: The bodily system that consists of the bones, their associated cartilages, and the joints, and supports and protects the body, produces blood cells, and stores minerals.
101.
Structural Formula: an expanded molecular formula showing the arrangement of atoms within the molecule
102.
Structural Isomers: compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
103.
Superficial: toward or at the body surface.
104.
Superior: toward the head of the body.
105.
Three different types fo Monomers: Monosaccharide, Disaccharide and Polysaccharides
106.
Three Main regions of a Cell: the nucleus, plasma membranem and the cytoplasm.
107.
tight junctions: Membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid
108.
Tissue: a group of cells that are simular in structure and function
109.
Transverse: plane that divides the body into inferior and superior
110.
Two characteristics of connective tissues: Protecting/Supporting and binding together of other body types.
111.
Two internal structures found in the thoratic cavity: Heart and Lungs
112.
Types of Muscle Tissue: Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
113.
Urinary System: removes waste products from blood and maintains water balance within body.
114.
visceral: pertaining to the internal organs
