Davi-Ellen Chabner- Ch 8
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167 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 adnexa uteri | Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments |
| amnion | innermost memberanous sac surrounding the developing fetus |
| areola | dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple |
| bartholin glands | small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice (opening to outside of the body) |
| cervix | lower, neck-like portion of the uterus |
| chorion | outermoust layer of the two memberanes surrounding the embryo; it forms the fetal part of the placenta |
| clitoris | organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the oepning of the female urethra |
| coitus | sexual intercourse; copulation. |
| corpus Iuteum | Empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell; literally means yellow (luteum) body (corpus) |
| cul-de-sac | region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus |
| embryo | Stage in prenatal development from 2-8 weeks |
| endometrium | inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus |
| estrogen | hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes femal secondary sex characteristics |
| fallopian tube | one of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus |
| fertilization | union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops |
| fetus | stage in prenatal development from 8-39 or 40 weeks |
| fimbriae (singular: fimbria) | finger or fringe-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum) |
| gamete | male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum |
| genitalia | Reproductive organs; also called genitals |
| gestation | period from fertilization of the ovum to birth |
| gonad | female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis |
| gynecology | study of the femal reproductive organs including the breasts |
| human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) | Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone |
| hymen | mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina |
| labia | lips of the vagina; labia majora are the larger, outermost lips, and labia minora are the smaller, innermost lips |
| lactiferous ducts | tubes that carry milk within the breast |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | Hormone produced by the pituitary gland; promotes ovulation |
| mammary papilla | Nipple of the breat. A papilla is any small nipple-shaped projection |
| mearche | Beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce |
| menopause | Gradual ending of menstruation |
| menstruation | monthly shedding of the uterine lining. The flow of the blood and tissue normally discharged during menstruation is called the menses (latin for month) |
| myometrium | Muscle layer of the uterus |
| neonatology | Branch of medicine that studies the disorders and care of the newborn |
| obstetrics | Branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth |
| orifice | an opeining |
| ovarian follicle | developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary. Only about 400 of these sacs mature in a woman's lifetime |
| ovary | one of a pair of femal organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis. Ovaries are almond-shaped, about the size of large walnuts, and produce egg cells (ova) and hormones |
| ovulation | release of the ovum from the ovary |
| Ovum (plural: ova) | mature egg cell (female gamete). Ova develop from immature egg cells called oocytes. |
| parturition | act of giving birth |
| perineum | in females, the area between the anus and the vagina |
| pituitary gland | endocrine gland at the base of the brain. It produces hormones to stimulate the ovaries |
| placenta | vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy. It serves as a communication between maternal and fetal bloodstreams. |
| pregnancy | condition in a femal of having a developing embryo and fetus in her uterus for about 40 weeks |
| progesterone | hormone produced by the corpus Luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women |
| puberty | point in the life cycle at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced |
| uterine serosa | outermost layer surrounding the uterus |
| uterus | hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs. The upper portion is the fundus; the middle portion is the corpus; and the lowermost, neck-like portion is the cervix |
| vagina | Muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body |
| vulva | External female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice |
| zygote | stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks |
| amni/o | amnion IE: amniotic fluid |
| cervic/o | cervix, neck |
| chori/o, chorion/o | chorionic |
| colp/o | vagina |
| culd/o | cul-de-sac IE: culdocentesis- a needle is placed through the posterior wall of the vagina and fluid is withdrawn for diagnostic purposes |
| episi/o | vulva |
| galact/o | milk |
| gynec/o | woman, female |
| hyster/o | uterus, womb |
| lact/o | milk |
| mamm/o | breast |
| mast/o | breast |
| men/o | menses, menstruation |
| metr/o, metri/o | uterus |
| my/o, myom/o | muscle, muscle tumor |
| nat/i | birth |
| obstetr/o | pregnancy and childbirth |
| o/o | egg |
| oophor/o | ovary IE: oophorectomy- Oophor/o means to bear (phor/o) eggs (o/o). In a bilateral oophorectomy, both ovaries are removed |
| ov/o | egg |
| ovari/o | ovary |
| ovul/o | egg |
| perine/o | perineum |
| phor/o | to bear |
| salping/o | fallopian tubes |
| uter/o | uterus |
| vagin/o | vagina |
| vulv/o | vulva |
| -arche | beginning |
| -cyesis | pregancy |
| -gravida | pregnant |
| -parous | bearing, bringing forth |
| -rrhea | discharge |
| -salpinx | fallopian (uterine) tube |
| -tocia | labor, birth |
| -version | act of turning |
| dys- | painful |
| endo- | within |
| in- | in |
| intra- | within |
| multi- | many |
| nulli- | not, no, none |
| pre- | before |
| primi- | first |
| retro- | backward |
| pap test | Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix |
| pregnancy test | blood or urine test to detect the presence of hCG |
| hysterosalpingography (HSG) | x-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injecting of contrast material |
| mammography | x-ray imaging of the breast |
| breast ultrasound imaging and breast MRI | Technologies using sound waves and magnetic waves to create images of breast tissue |
| pelvic ultrasonography | recording images of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region |
| aspiration | withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction |
| cauterization | destruction of tissue by burning |
| colposcopy | visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope |
| carcinoma of the cerivs | malignant cells within the cerivx (cervical cancer) which would involve a radical (complete) hysterectomy |
| cervitis | Inflammation of the cervix |
| carcinoma of the endometrium | Malignant tumor of the uterus (adenocarcinoma) |
| endometriosis | Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus |
| fibroids | benign tumors in the uterus |
| ovarian carcinoma | Malignant tumor of the ovary (adenocarcinoma) |
| ovarian cyst | collection of fluid within a sac (cyst) in the ovary |
| pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | Inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, endocervicitis |
| Dermoid cyst (of the ovary) | is a cystic teratoma that contains developmentally mature skin complete with hair follicles and sweat glands, sometimes clumps of long hair, and often pockets of sebum, blood, fat, bone, nails, teeth, eyes, cartilage, and thyroid tissue. |
| carcinoma of the breast | Malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts) |
| her-2/neu | a second receptor protein, this is found in some breast cancers and signals a high risk of tumor recurrance |
| fibrocystic disease | Numberous small sacs of fibrous connective tissue and fluid in the breast |
| abruptio placentae | Premature separation of the implanted placenta |
| choriocarcinoma | malignant tumor of the placenta |
| eptopic pregnancy | Implantationof the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location |
| multiple gestation | more than one fetus inside the uterus |
| placenta previa | implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus |
| preeclampsia | abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache |
| erythroblastosis disease | hemolytic disease in the newborn (HND) caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus |
| hyaline membrane disease | acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn |
| hydrocephalus | accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain |
| meconium aspiration syndrome | abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stool) produced by a fetus or newborn. if inhaled during birth, meconium can block air passages and cause the lungs to fail to expand- called meconium ileus |
| pyloric stenosis | narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum |
| conization | removal of a cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix |
| cryosurgery | use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue |
| culdocentesis | needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac |
| dilation (dilatation) and curettage (D&C) | Widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus |
| exenteration | removal of internal organs within a cavity |
| laparoscopy | visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an edoscope (laparoscope) |
| tubal ligation | blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occuring |
| abortion (AB) | spontaneaous or induced termination of pregnancy before the embroy or fetus can exist on its own |
| amniocentesis | needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis |
| cesarean section | surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus |
| chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis |
| fetal monitoring | continuous recording of the fetal heart rate and meternal uterine contractions to reduce fetal distress during labor |
| in vitro fertilization (IVF) | Egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a lab dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization |
| pelvimetry | measurement of the dimentsions of the maternal pelvis |
| AB | abortion |
| BRCA1/BRCA2 | breast cancer 1 & 2 - genetic mutations associated with increased risk for breast cancer |
| BSE | breast self-examination |
| CA 125 | Protein marker elevated in ovarian cancer (normal rage of values is 0 to 35) |
| C-section | cesarean section |
| CIN | cervical intraepithelial neoplasia |
| CIS | carcinoma in situ |
| CS | cesarean section |
| CVS | chorionic villis sampling |
| D&C | dilation (dilatation) and curettage |
| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone |
| G | gravida (pregnant) |
| GYN | gynecology |
| hCG OR HCG | human chorionic gonadotropin |
| IUD | Intrauterine device; contraceptive |
| IVF | in vitro fertilization |
| OB | obstetrics |
| PARA 2-0-1-2 | a woman's reproductive history; 2 fullterm infants, 0 perterm, 1 abortion, and 2 living children |
| Pap Tests | papanicolaou smear- test for cervical or vaginal cancer |
| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease |
| PMS | premenstrual syndrome |
| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn |
| TAH-BSO | total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy |
| VH | vaginal hysterectomy |
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