| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Cranial | Toward the head |
| Caudal | Toward the tail |
| Anterior | Toward the front (toward the head in a quadruped= cranial) |
| Posterior | Toward the back (toward the tail in a quadruped = caudal) |
| Medial | Toward the middle of the body, or median plane |
| Lateral | Pertaining to the side of the body, away from the median plane |
| Proximal | End of a limb near its attachment |
| Rostral | Toward the front of the head |
| Dorsal | A direction toward the surface of the back of a quadruped |
| Ventral | A direction toward the underside of a quadruped |
| Distal | End of a limb farthest from its attachment |
| Frontal Plane | A plate bisecting the frontal suture between the frontal and parietal bones, separating an animal into dorsal and ventral parts. For example: a median longitudinal plane passing from right to left. |
| Sagittal Plane | A plane bisecting the sagittal suture of the skin, separating an animal into left and and right sides. For example: a median, longitudinal plane passing from dorsal to ventral. |
| Transverse Plane | A plate of the body crossing its longitudinal axis at right angles, separating an animal into cranial and caudal portions. |
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