chapter 7
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Jennifer-michelle on September 30, 2010
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What problems were the Abbasid facing from Shi'a opposition? | - revolts and assassination attempts |
| What problem continued to go on even after the death of Al-Mahdi | -Arguing about who will the successor |
| Who did Harun al-Rashid become heavily dependent upon during his reign? | - a family of persian advisors |
| what problems began surfacing in the royal court of the Muslim Empire that was very similar to problems China felt during the Han Dynasty? | - advisers got more and more powerful; people on the thrown turned into figure heads |
| What occured after Harun's death? | -several full scale civil wars over succession |
| What became the solution to potential heirs to the Muslim Empire in regards to civil war? | -build personal armies |
| How did slave mercenaries play a role in the decline of the Abbasids? | - 846 c.e. slave mercenaries murdered the reigning caliph -mercenaries became a major force for social unrest. |
| List the three causes for the Muslim Empire's treasure have on Muslim people? | - constant civil violence - construction of public works - the armies needed more money |
| What affect did the low funds in the treasury have on Muslim people? | -people had to pay taxes - great irrigation works needed for agriculture broke down and in some areas collapsed entirely. -peasants perished due to famine, flood, or violent assaults - others fled to wilderness areas - some formed bandit gangs |
| What two things become common practices in gender relations during the Abbasid era? | - the harem - women wearing a veil. |
| What is a harem? | - wives and slaves are confined to a certain part of the home |
| How were female slaves treated in comparison to freeborn women? | - more personal freedom - could win their freedom and gain power by bearing healthy sons for rulers - learned more |
| What difference was there in gender relations between lower class and upper class women? | - lower class women could have jobs and upper class could not. |
| What took place in 945 in the Muslim Empire? | - Buyids captured Baghdad |
| What does sultan translate to mean? | - victorious |
| What group replaced the Buyids around 1055? | - seljuk turks -kill a lot of the Shi'a and Byzantines |
| What two things allowed the First Crusade to become a success | - muslim political division - element of surprise |
| Who would successfully lead the Muslims during the end of the 12th century? | - salah- ud din |
| List the areas of influence the Muslims had on Europe after the Crusades? | - new weaponry - techniques of building fortifications - modern medicine |
| What language nearly replaced Arabic entirely in Muslim culture? | - persian |
| What two works are considered masterpieces of Muslim writing? | - Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam - Shan- hama; ferdaissi firawsi |
| What advances did Muslims make in the field of math? | - algebra, geometry, trigonometry |
| What discoveries were found in the field of chemistry? | - creation of objective experiment - Razi's scheme of classifying all material |
| Why did Cairo's hospitals have the best physicians? | - doctors had to pass a course of study and end of course test in order to practice. |
| What trend emerged in the Muslim religious community after the Crusades? | - suspicious of non- Islamic ideas and scientific thinking |
| What did sufis seek? | - wondering mystics who sought personal union with Allah. |
| What group began invading the Abbasid empire in the early 13th century and who led these people? | - Mongols -Chinggis Khan |
| Who took control of this group later during the 1250s and took the capital Baghdad? | - Hulegu |
| Who were the Mamluks? | - Turkic slaves who then ruled Egypt - defeated Mongols in late 1200s |
| How were the HIndu and Muslim faiths in direct opposition to one another? | - Islam is much more structured - Hindu is more flexible |
| what was the first contact between Muslim and HIndu groups around 711? | - peaceful trading contacts - attack by sind pirates on same arab traders. |
| How did Mahmud of Ghazni affect northern India? | - began to invade and raid northern India |
| Where did these Muslims place their capitol? Why is this significant? | - Delhi - not associated with the Umayyads or the abbasids |
| Where did most Indian converts to Islam come from? | - Buddhists or low cast groups and untouchables. - shudras |
| Why did India become a place of refuge for many Muslims around the 13th and 14th centuries? | - Mongols and tinerants are invading the middle east - Muslims are running for their lives to India |
| What sort of social relationship did Hindus ave with their Muslim conquerors? | - saw them as out castes; animosity; did not interact with them |
| Explain what the majority of HIndus believe would happen to their Muslim conquerors as had happened to previous invading groups. | - they would be absorbed |
| How were women in India affected by the Muslim invasion? | - sati; widows threw themselves onto their husbands dead burning bodies - lost a lot of rights - widows couldn't remarry |
| After Hundus realized the Muslim faith was not going to be absorbed what did they resort to in order to keep more people from converting to Islam? | - put a greater emphasis on devotion - Bhaktic cults included women and untouchables - for personal relationships with gods or goddesses |
| How did these cults stem the flow of converts to Islam? | - increase involvement in Hindu worship in all groups |
| Why did neither the Muslims or Hindus of India really absorb the other? | - Both worked hard to keep themselves seperate |
| What group prevented the spread of Muslim ideas in the Southeast Asia? | -Shrivijaya |
| what city played a vital role in the spread of Islam across Southeast Asia? | - Malacca |
| Why were the Sufis so successful in converting people? | - they varied in personality and approach - allowed people of southeast Asia to keep some ideas of the various religions in the area |
| how were women treated in this are of Muslim control? | - much stronger status in family and community than other areas - lineage still traced through the woman |
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