3rd Grade Chapter 8 Science
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Earth can be divided into ___ layers. | 3 (outer layer-crust, middle layer-mantle, inner layer-core) |
| The outer layer, or crust, is made of _____. | rocks |
| The middle layer, or mantle, is made of hot ____ and ______ rock. | igneous and metamorphic |
| The inner layer, or core, is made of _____ that is hot enough to _____. | metal that is hot enough to melt. |
| The center of the core is packed tightly together and remains ____. | solid |
| The outer core is very hot and ____. | liquid |
| Solid features formed on the Earth's crust is called a ____. | landform |
| Bodies of water, hills, mountains, valleys, and volcanoes are examples of _____. | landforms |
| A large moving body of ice that forms in cold places is called a ___. | glacier |
| A low, narrow area on the crust formed by rivers and/or glaciers is called a ___. | valley |
| A plain that is higher than the land around it is called a ____. | plateau |
| An opening in the Earth's crust where hot, melted rock is forced up by pressure inside the Earth is called a _____. | volcano |
| This landform is higher than the land around it. Some form when blocks of rock are pushed up or drop down along cracks in the Earth's crust. | mountain |
| A ___ is a natural stream of water that helps to shape the valley or plain it passes through. | river |
| A __ is a high place on the Earth's surface, but it's not as high as a mountain and often has a rounded top. | hill |
| This is a large, mostly flat area. | plain |
| A ___ forms when the flow of water slows enough to fill an area. | lake |
| A ___ is the land next to the ocean and helps shape the coastline. | coast |
| This large body of salt water covers almost three fourths of the Earth's surface. | ocean |
| ___ begin deep within the mantle where magma forms. | volcanoes |
| Hot, pasty rock that moves within the mantle is called ___. | magma |
| When magma gets close to the Earth's surface, it ___ and ____ easily due to lack of pressure. | melts and flows |
| Hot, molten rock that erupts from a volcano is called ___. | lava |
| As lava cools and hardens, it becomes a brand new crust called __ __. | igneous rock |
| The shaking of the Earth's crust as it shifts is an ___. | earthquake |
| A large crack in the Earth's crust where most earthquakes happen is called ___. | fault |
| The closer the earthquake is to a city or town, the more ___ is caused. | damage |
| This is caused by earthquakes and is the downhill movement of rocks and earth on a slope. | landslide |
| Landslides can hapen on __ or on the ___ ___. | land, ocean floor |
| On __, earthquakes ruin homes and destroy roads. | land |
| ___ landslides can form giant waves. | undersea |
| Any action that breaks rocks into smaller pieces is called ___. | weathering |
| Weathering is caused by: | plants' roots growing into cracks of rocks, making them split~ water soaking through the soil, changing the minerals in the rock below the soil, making it weak and fall apart~ water gets in cracks and freezes, causing the rocks to crack and break apart |
| ___ cause weathering when they move over the Earth's crust, carrying rocks that scrape against the ground and become weathered when the __ melts. | glaciers |
| Weathered rock sizes from largest to smallest: | boulder, cobble, pebble, sand, silt, clay |
| The movement of weathered material is ___. | erosion |
| Causes of erosion include water, ___, ____, and ___. | water, wind, gravity, glaciers |
| Hot, molten rock on the Earth's surface is: | lava |
| Earth's ___ is the inner most layer of the planet. | core |
| Hills, mountains, and valleys are examples of ___. | landforms |
| The thinnest layer of Earth is the ___. | crust |
| Hot, molten rock that forms deep in the ground is called ___. | magma |
| Magma forms in the Earth's thickest layer called the ___. | mantle |
| The breaking of rocks into smaller pieces is called: | weathering |
| The moving of weathered materials is called: | erosion |
| How do weathering and erosion change Earth's landforms? | ... |
| How do volcanoes change the Earth's surface? | ... |
| A river carrying silt flooding its banks is an example of: | erosion |
| Water freezing inthe craqck of a cliff is an example of: | weathering |
| Mud sliding down a hill is an example of: | erosion |
| Why is the Earth's core solid when it is hot enough to melt? | It's under great pressure. |
| What makes water a powerful cause of weathering? | It takes up more space when it freezes. |
| Why is erosion by wind so effective in deserts? | Deserts are very dry and there are no plants to slow the movement of sand down. |
| Which is a better model of the Earth's layers: a raw egg or a hard-boiled egg? | ... |
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