Flashcards: Chapter 16 World History CBHS
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wcannon8883 on October 1, 2010
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cardinal Mazarin | French chief minister to Louis XIV who continued the policies of creating a strong monarchy and put down the Fronde |
| Oliver Cromwell | General of the New Model Army and later dictator of England |
| Maria Theresa | Only Empress of Austria and who was forced to defend her realm from Frederick the Great |
| Mary II and William III | Invaded England with a Dutch army during the Glorious Revolution and took the throne |
| Henry IV | The most beloved French monarch because he brought peace and prosperity to France and its peasants but was ultimately assassinated |
| Louis XIV | French monarch who is considered the model of absolutism and once remarked, "I am the state!" |
| Gustavus Adolphus | Swedish monarch and extremely successful general that entered the Thirty Years' War but was killed in battle at Lutzen |
| Charles I | First and only English monarch to be executed |
| Frederick the Great | Prussian monarch and extremely successful general that invaded Austria and took Silesia |
| James II | Stuart monarch that fled England during the Glorious Revolution |
| Anne | Last Stuart monarch of England |
| Frederick William I | Prussian monarch that created and built-up the Prussian army but never entered into war |
| Cardinal Richelieu | French chief minister to Louis XIII who made the French monarch all powerful and entered France in the Thirty Years' War |
| James I | Scottish monarch who became the first Stuart monarch of England following Elizabeth's death in 1603 |
| Bourbons | Royal family of France and later Spain |
| Hapsburgs | Royal family of Austria and Spain |
| Hohenzollerns | Royal family of Prussia |
| Intendants | French officials of the middle-class tied to the king |
| Junkers | Prussian landed nobles |
| Puritans | English Calvinists |
| Stuarts | Royal family of England and Scotland |
| Tudors | Royal family of only England |
| Huguenots | French Calvinists |
| Commonwealth | A republic under the leadership of Rump Parliament following the execution of the king |
| English Bill of Rights | The English document which ensured Parliament's superiority over the monarch |
| Estates General | French legislature made of three classes which was never called into session by Louis XIV |
| Glorious Revolution | The "bloodless coup against James II led by William and Mary in 1688 |
| Petition of Right | Law signed by Charles I requiring Parliament's assent before levying new taxes |
| Pragmatic Sanction | Agreement signed by the major powers respecting Maria Theresa's right to rule as Empress of Austria |
| The Protectorate | A military dictatorship under the rule of Oliver Cromwell |
| Restoration | The return of the Stuart monarchy to the throne of England in 1660 |
| The Fronde | Uprisings by nobles and peasants that were put down but scarred young Louis XIV |
| Versailles | Palace built primarily by Louis XIV |
| Philip II | Spanish Hapsburg king whose attempt to crush the Netherlands' Revolt and invasion of England failed |
| Carlos V | Hapsburg king that ruled one of the largest European empires before splitting the empire giving part to his son and the other to his brother |
| Carlos II | Last Spanish Hapsburg king and was noted for his extensive physical, intellectual, and emotional problems |
| Russia was pulled out of the war by Peter III after Tsarina Elizabeth died | Frederick the Great was saved from defeat in Seven Years' War when: |
| the right to sell slaves to the Spanish New World. | The War of Jenkins' Ear which was fought between Britain and Spain was a war waged over: |
| French and Indian War | In North America, the Seven Years' War is was called: |
| He wanted to destroy Hapsburg power | Cardinal Richelieu entered the Thirty Years' War because: |
| A Catholic plan to destroy the English government | The Gunpowder Plot refers to a failed attempt: |
| Peter I (the Great) | Russian tsar who introduced Western customs to the Russian elite, built a navy, and moved the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg |
| Catherine the Great | Russian tsarina who ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted Western cultural influence; controlled nobility by granting them new power over serfs |
| Asiento | contract to furnish slaves to the Spanish given to the British in the Treaty of Utrecht |
| Great Northern War | War with Sweeden over control of Baltic, caused by Russia building St. Petersburg on Sweedish soil. (Russia wins) |
| Thirty Years' War | War within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies (Sweden, Denmark, France) and the emperor and his ally, Spain; ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia |
| Seven Years' War | War where Austria, Russia and others joined forces to attack Prussia, who was saved by Peter III's rise to power - called |
| Overall winner of the Seven Years' War | Great Britain |
| Defenestration of Prague | The hurling, by Protestants, of Catholic officials from a castle window in Prague, setting off the Thirty Years' War. |
| Turning point of the 30 Years' War | Richelieu entered France on the side of the Protestants in order to destroy the Hapsburgs |
| War of the Spanish Succession | The war that resulted from the heirless death of Charles II; in order to prevent the union of the French and Spanish crowns, the Grand Alliance declared war on France and the French. |
| Treaty of Utrecht | 1713, ended War of Spanish Succession between Louis XIV's France and the rest of Europe; prohibited joining of French and Spanish crowns; ended French expansionist policy; ended golden age of Spain; vastly expanded British Empire |
| Peace of Westphalia | officially ended 30 Years' War the last religious war in Europe and recognized Calvinism as a legal religion |
| 4 phases of the 30 Years' War | Bohemian revolt, Danish, Swedish, and French interventions |
| Peter III | made peace with Prussia, probably saving it from defeat in the Seven Years' War, but was soon murdered by order of Catherine |
| Order of events of English Civil War: | English Civil War, Execution of Charles I, Commonwealth, Protectorate, Restoration, Glorious Revolution |
| Spanish Armada | the Spanish fleet that attempted to invade England, ending in disaster, due to the raging storm in the English Channel as well as the smaller and better English navy led by Francis Drake. |
| Elizabeth I | Reestablished Anglicanism as the state religion of England and she led the defeat of the Spanish Armada. |
| The Netherlands revolted against what Hapsburg leader? | Philip II |
| Whose goal was it to put "a chicken in every pot"? | Henry IV of France |
| Most countries have an army but in _________ an army controls a state. | Prussia |
| The War of the Three Henry's is most associated with what country? | France |
| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | killing of Hugeunot leaders in an attempt to destroy Huguenot power |
| Sun King | Nickname of Louis XIV |
| Edict of Nantes | This was the document published by Henry IV that granted liberty of conscience and liberty of public worship to the Huguenots |
| Whigs and Tories | political parties created over the question of excluding James II from the throne |
| habeas corpus | a person can't be held in prison without first being charged with a crime |
| Jean Baptist Colbert | assisted Louis in achieving his goals and believed in the theory of mercantilism and who to prevent wealth from leaving the country and tried to make Franch self-sufficient |
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