AP Psych Unit 2 Test
About this set
Created by:
paigepeplow on October 1, 2010
Subjects:
Description:
AP Psych
Unit 2 Test
Vocab/Key Concepts
2010/2011
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 scientific method | based on careful collection of evidence, accurate description and measurement, precise definition, controlled observation, and repeatable results. |
| operational definition | states the exact procedures used to represent a concept. |
| naturalistic observation | observing behavior as it unfolds in natural settings. |
| experimental method | using the technique of a controlled experiment. |
| survey method | using questionnaires to poll large groups of people. |
| observer bias | a problem where observers see what they expect to see or record only selected details. |
| coefficient of correlation | the strength and direction of a relationship. |
| negative correlation | increases in the first measure are associated with decreases in the second. |
| experiment | a formal trial undertaken to confirm or disconfirm a hypothesis. |
| variable | any condition that can change and that might affect the outcome of the experiment. |
| dependent variable | thought to be affected by changes in another variable. |
| experimental group | consists of subjects exposed to the independent variable. |
| random assignment | means a subject has equal chance of being in either the experimental or control group. |
| single-blinded study | subjects do not know if they are receiving a real drug or a placebo, making their expectations the same. |
| experimenter effect | changes in behavior caused by the unintended influence of an experimenter. |
| representative sample | a small group that accurately reflects a larger population. |
| gender bias in research | refers to the tendency for females to be underrepresented as research subjects and female topics to be ignored by many investigators. |
| fallacy of positive instances | when we remember or notice things that confirm our expectations and forget the rest. |
| pseudo-psychology | any unfounded system that resembles psychology. |
| mean | the average. |
| mode | the number that occurs the most. |
| range | biggest number subtracted by the smallest number. |
| hypothesis | a testable hunch or educated guess about behavior. |
| correlational method | making measurements to discover relationships between events. |
| clinical method | studying psychological problems and therapies in clinical settings. |
| observer effect | refers to changes in a subject's behavior caused by an awareness of being observed. |
| anthropomorphic error | attributing human emotions, thoughts, or motives to animals; especially as a way of explaining their behavior. |
| positive correlation | increases in one measure are matched by increases in the other (or vice versa with decreases). |
| causation | correlation does not prove this. |
| independent variable | the variable manipulated to see its effect on something else. |
| extraneous variables | conditions that a researcher wishes to prevent from affecting the outcome of the experiment. |
| control group | the group exposed to all conditions except the independent variable. |
| placebo effect | changes in behavior caused by belief that one has taken a drug. |
| double-blinded study | neither subjects nor experimenters know who received a drug and who took a placebo. |
| case study | an in-depth focus on a single subject. |
| population | an entire group of animals or people belonging to a particular category (ex: all college students). |
| Barnum Effect | a tendency to consider personal descriptions accurate if they are stated in general terms. |
| median | the number in the middle. |
| standard deviation | an index of how much a typical score differs from the mean of a group of scores. |
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