Mid East History Vocab
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Created by:
FineFamily on October 2, 2010
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mandate | a country placed under the control of another power by international agreement |
| partition | to divide a region into smaller parts |
| holocaust | the killing of 6 million Jews in Europe by HItler and the Nazis during World War II |
| anti-semitism | prejudice or hatred of Jews |
| westernization | the bringing of ideas and customs of the United States and Western Europe into a country |
| fundamentalism | belief that religious rules and laws should be strictly observed |
| stateless nation | a group of people who have strong nationalistic feelings, but do not have a country of their own (example: Palestine) |
| refugee | a person who leaves his country because of war, disaster or persecution |
| Gamal Abdel | led the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and overthrew the King of Egypt. Was the President of Egypt for 16 years. |
| Mustafa Kemal Ataturk | Founder of modern-day Turkey. Believed in westernization, by force if necessary. Was a war hero for the Ottoman forces during WWI. |
| Anwar Sadat | President of Egypt in 1979 when Egypt became the first Arab country to sign a peace treaty with Israel. |
| Palestine | an Arab region that was also the land Jews lived in 2,000 years ago. Often called the Holy Land. |
| Tansu Ciller | she was Turkey's Prime Miniser for several years during the 1990s. |
| Sunni | A sect of Islam that most Muslims and most Iraqis are |
| Shia/Shi'ite | A sect of Islam that most Muslims in Iran are. They are more wiling to accept religious leaders as political leaders (theocracy) |
| Ottoman Empire | Muslim empire that began in Turkey and spread and spread to Southwest Asia, Northern Africa and Eastern Europe that lasted from teh 1400s until the 1920s |
| Law of Return | law enacted in 1950 in Israel, granting Jews anywhere in the world permission to move to Israel and become citizens |
| Arab | ethnic group of people who live on the Arabian Peninsula |
| Israeli | person who is an inhabitant (lives in) or is a native (is from) Israel |
| Palestinians | People who live in Palestine. A stateless nation |
| Zionism | movement that encouraged Jews to return to Palestine, the Jewish homeland, which many Jews call Zion |
| Iran-Iraq War | war between Iran and Iraq that lasted 8 years. War that started when Saddam Hussein, the ruler of Iraq, invaded Iran in 1980 |
| Persian Gulf War | 1991 war between the US and Iraq because Iraq invaded Kuwait. US and other countries invaded Iraq to force Iraq out of Kuwait |
| Operation Iraqi Freedom | The United States with the help of Britain, Australia and other countries invaded Iraq in 2003 because they believed Saddam Hussein, the ruler of Iraq, was hiding dangerous illegal weapons |
| Invasion of Afghanistan | October 2001, the United States began bombing Taliban centers in Afghanistan in response to the attack on September 11, 2001 of the World Trade Center in New York |
| wars between 1948 and 1973 | Arab-Israeli wars. A series of wars between 1948 and 1973 that were fought between Israel and the Arab countries of Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon |
| PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization | organization formed in 1964 by Palestinians who refused to recognize Israel's right to exist |
| Taliban | group of fundamentalist Muslims who took control of Afghanistan's government |
| West Bank | area on the west bank of the Jordan River where Palestinians live |
| Gaza Strip | small area of land on the western coast of Israel where Palestinians live |
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