Fundamentals Chapter 27: Asepsis and infection Control
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Antiseptic | Agent that stops or slows the growth of microorganisms on living tissues, commonly used for hand washing, skin preparation, and wound packing or irrigation. |
| Asepsis | absence of disease-producing microorganism |
| Autoclaving | supersaturated steam under pressure; the most widely used and dependable method of sterilization. |
| Bactericidal | able to kill bacteria |
| Bacteriostatic | able to inhibit the growth of bacteria. |
| Carrier | person from whom a microorganism can be cultured but who shows no sign of a disease. |
| Disinfectant | chemical used to kill microorganisms on lifeless objects. |
| Hand hygiene | hand washing with soap and water or cleansing the hands with a water-less alcohol-based cleanser to prevent the spread of infection |
| Infectious Disease | process resulting from infection that produces manifestations such as fever, leukocytosis, inflammation, or tissue damage. |
| Isolation | Techniques used to prevent or to limit the spread of infection. |
| Medical Asepsis | measures taken to control and to reduce the number of pathogens present; also known as "clean technique"; measures include hand washing, gloving, gowning and disinfectant to help contain microbial growth. |
| Nosocomial Infection | infection acquired during receipt of healthcare. |
| Opportunistic organisms | organisms that invade the tissues when the body's defenses are suppressed. |
| Pathogen | microorganism that can harm humans. |
| Sepsis | poisoning of body tissues; usually refers to blood-borne organisms or their toxic products. |
| Specificity | organism's attraction to a specific host, which may include humans. |
| Standard Precautions | the latest CDC isolation system that combines the major features of Universal Precautions (blood borne transmission), thus protecting against blood and body-fluid transmission of potentially infective agents. |
| Sterilization | 1. Destruction of all bacteria, spores, fungi ad viruses on an item, accompanied by heat, chemicals or gas. 2. rendered unable to reproduce biologically. |
| Surgical asepsis | refers to "sterile technique" in which an object is free of all microorganisms to prevent the introduction or spread of pathogens from the environment into the client; employed when a body cavity is entered with and object that may damage the mucous membranes, when surgical procedures are performed, and when the client's immune system is already compromised. |
| Virulence | vigor with which an organism can grow and multiply. |
| Chain of infection | Infectious agent--> the source--> the portal of exit--> the mode of transmission-->the portal of entry--> and a susceptible host. |
| Infectious agent | Bacteria, fungi, Virus, and Parasites. |
| Source | Human beings, Animals and Inanimate objects. |
| Portal of exit | Sputum, Emesis, stool, blood. |
| Mode of Transmission | Contact, Vehicle, Airborne and Vectorborne. |
| Portal of entry | Mucous membranes, Nonintact skin, GI tract, GU tract, and Respiratory tract. |
| Susceptible host | Immunosuppressed elderly, chronically ill, trauma,and surgery. |
| Characteristics of Infectious Agent | Pathogenicity, Virulence, Invasiness and Specify. |
| Contact Transmission | -frequent means of transmission. 1. Direct contact- body to body surface. 2. Indirect - when a susceptible host is exposed to a contaminated object, such as dressing, needle, or surgical instrument. |
| Vehicle Transmission | involves the transfer of microorganisms by way of vehicles, or contaminated items that transmit pathogens. food, water, and contaminated infusion supplies, and blood can carry hepatitis and HIV. |
| Droplet Transmission | mucous membranes of the noise, mouth, or conjunctiva are exposed to secretions of an infected person who is coughing, sneezing, or talking. - 3 feet. |
| Airborne Transmission | Fine particles are suspended in the air for a long time or when dust particles contain pathogens. |
| Vectorborne transmission | 1. Biologic - living creatures that carry pathogens, such as rats, insects, or birds. 2. Mechanical- inanimate objects that are contaminated with infected body fluids. |
| Transport of an infection or the products of infection throughout the body by the blood is known as (blank) | Septicemia |
| Candida infections are known as (blank) infections because they do not result in disease individuals with properly functioning immune systems. | Oppurtunistic |
| Gonnorrhea and meningococcal meningitis are examples of gram-negative (blank) | Endotoxins |
| An agent that prevents bacterial multiplication but does not kill all forms of the organism is called | bacteriostatic |
| Tapeworm is a (blank) that infects the gastrointestinal tarct or other body tissues of humans. | Helminth |
| Solutions that are disinfectants at higher concentrations may be diluted to be used as (blank) on living objects. | Antiseptic |
| A (blank) is a person whose own body defense mechanisms, when exposed, cannot withstand the invasion of apthogens. | Host |
| (Blank) refers to the complete destruction of all microorganisms, including spores. | Sterilization |
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