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protons positive charge neutrons no charge electrons negative charge matter anything that has mass and takes up space atomic number number of protons found in the nucleus atomic mass the number of protons & neutrons isotopes atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons compounds contain atoms of more than 1 element that are chemically bonded together chemical properties of compounds describe a change that occurs when one substance reacts with another........the chemical properties of a substance depends on what elements are in that substance and how they are arranged physical properties the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance mixture composed of 2 or more substances that are not cemichally combined heterogeneous mixture a mixture that is not mixed evenly and each component retains it's own properties homogeneous evenly mixed together saltwater homogeneous sand water heterogeneous solution homogeneous mixture element group of one or more of the same atoms 4 characteristics of minerals #1 inorganic 4 characteristics of minerals #2 naturally occurring (formed by nature) 4 characteristics of minerals #3 orderly arrangement of atoms 4 characteristics of minerals #4 definite chemical compostion ore a mineral or rock that contains a useful substance that can be mined for profit gem a mineral minded for it's rarity and beauty rule for crystals the slower magma cools, the bigger the crystals are the faster magma cools, the smaller the crystals are most minerals are.... silicates titanium is.... light and durable, also non-toxic silicates are composed of.... silicone & oxygen titanium is used for... artificial body parts, golf clubs, planes, etc. ion atom with electric charge variable anything that can effect the results of an experiment constant remains the same throughout the experiment control part within the experiment that is maintained without change in order to provide a comparison for the part of the experiment containing the variable