BIO - Chapter 26 - Tree of Life
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mistyblue17 on October 4, 2010
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Fundamental Properties of Life | * Cellular organization * Sensitivity * Growth * Development * Reproduction * Regulation * Homeostasis * Heredity |
| Paleozoic Era | * Cambrian * Ordovician * Sillurian * Devonian * Carboniferous * Permian |
| Mesozoic Era | * Triassic * Jurassic * Cretaceous |
| Cenozoic Era | * Tertiary * Quaternary |
| Cambrian - Ordovician Period | * 500-450 MYA * Increase in diversity * First land plants * Invertebrates dominate |
| Sillurian - Early Devonian Period | * 450-400 MYA * Early vascular plant diversity * Bony fish, tetrapods, seed plants, and insects appear |
| Devonian Period | * 400-350 MYA * First amphibians |
| Carboniferous Period | * 350-300 MYA * First reptiles |
| Permian Period | * 300-250 MYA |
| Triassic Period | * 250-200 MYA * First gymnosperms |
| Jurassic Period | * 200-150 MYA * First dinosaurs |
| Cretaceous Period | * 150-50 MYA * First flowering plants, birds, marsupial mammals * Diversification of flowering plants * Pollinating insects * Mammal radiation * Bird radiation |
| Tertiarty/Quaternary Period | * 50 MYA-Present * First Primate * Appearance of humans |
| Linnaean Hierarchy | * Kingdom * Phylum * Class * Order * Family * Genus * Species |
| Domains | * Archaea * Bacteria * Eukarya |
| Kingdoms | * Animalia * Plantae * Viridiplantae (not Linnaean) * Fungi * Protista * Archaea (Prokaryotes) * Bacteria (Prokaryotes) |
| Archaean Characteristics | * Cell walls lack peptidoglycan (present in bacteria) * Lipids in cell membranes have a different structure from those in all other organisms * Distinctive rRNA sequences |
| Archaean Categories | * Methanogens * Extremophiles * Nonextreme Archae |
| Methanogens | * Obtain their energy by using H2 (g) to reduce CO2 to CH4 (g) * Are anaerobes that are poisoned by the slightest traces of O2 * Live in swamps, marshes, and intestines of mammals releasing CH4 (g) |
| Extremophiles | * Able to grow under conditions that seem extreme to us * Thermophiles - live in extreme hot * Cold-adapted - live in extreme cold * Halophiles - live in very salty environments * pH-tolerant - live in highly acidic or highly basic environments * Pressure-tolerant - live in the depths of the ocean at a minimum of twice the depth humans can survive (300m) |
| Bacteria | * More numerous than any other organism * Play critical roles throughout the biospheres, such as extracting N2 from the air * Highly diverse and blurred evolutionary links between species * 12-15 major groups of bacteria * Only living organisms with peptidoglycan in their cell walls |
| Eukaryotes | * First eukaryotes were unicellular * Probably evolved through endosymbiosis * Compartmentalized * Multicellular * Sexual reproduction |
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