Flashcards: Organic Chemistry
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Created by:
BiologyWeymouthHS on May 27, 2008
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 chemical bond | link formed by two electrons that binds atoms together; where the energy in a compound is stored |
| pH scale | measurement system used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; measures the concentration of H+ ions |
| acid | compound that release H+ ions in solution; pH less than 7 |
| base | compound that releases OH- ions in solution; pH greater than 7 |
| monomer | building block or small unit of a polymer; can be linked into chains |
| polymer | large molecule made up of smaller building blocks or monomers |
| carbohydrate | contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; main source of energy for body, commonly end in "ose" |
| monosaccharide | building block of a carbohydrate; simple sugar |
| polysaccharide | large carbohydrate made up of monosaccharides, ex. starch and glycogen |
| lipid | huge molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and a little oxygen; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| fatty acid | with glycerol, make up the building blocks of lipids |
| glycerol | with fatty acids, make up the building blocks of lipids |
| RNA | single stranded nucleic acid used for protein synthesis |
| DNA | double stranded nucleic acid that stores and transmits genetic information |
| protein | contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; makes up cell/body structures and enzymes |
| nucleotide | building block or monomer of a nucleic acid; commonly recognized by its nitrogen bases as A, T, C, or G |
| amino acid | building block or monomer of a protein |
| nucleic acid | contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous; involved in protein synthesis |
| chemical reaction | process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| reactant | chemical that enters a chemical reaction |
| product | chemical that results from a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy needed to start a reaction |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | specialized protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by decreasing activation energy; typically end in "ase" |
| substrate | reactant in a chemical reaction that happens in a living thing |
| denaturation | when an enzyme changes shape and no longer functions due to high temperatures or wrong pH |
| organic compound | compound that contains carbon bonded to hydrogen and is found in living things |
| starch | polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose molecules; food storage molecule for plants |
| glycogen | compound used by animals to store carbohydrates in the liver and skeletal muscles |
| glucose | simple sugar that is used to make ATP through cellular respiration |
| cellulose | polysaccharide that is the main component of plant |
| hemoglobin | specialized protein that carries oxygen on red blood cells |
| insulin | protein hormone that helps to decrease blood sugar |
| cholesterol | specialized lipid that is used in cell membranes and making hormones |
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