| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Thomas Jefferson | Third president; believed in a strict interpretation of the constitution |
| Alexander Hamilton | Secretary of the Treasury; believed in a loose interpretation of the constitution |
| Lewis and Clark | Explorers sent by Jefferson to the Louisiana Purchase |
| James Madison | President during the War of 1812 |
| James Monroe | President who acquired Florida and passed the Missouri Compromise and Monroe Doctrine |
| Eli Whitney | Inventor of the cotton gin |
| Henry Clay | Worked on the Missouri Compromise, the American System, and the Compromise of 1850 |
| John Calhoun | VP under Jackson; strong believer in states' rights |
| Andrew Jackson | President whose term was marked by difficulty with Indian removal |
| William Henry Harrison | General during the War of 1812 and future president of the US |
| Stephen Austin | One of the leaders of the Texas Revolution and its subsequent annexation |
| Sam Houston | Led the forces that defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto |
| John Tyler | President who annexed Texas, among other things |
| James Polk | President who believed in Manifest Destiny; acquired the Oregon Territory |
| Joseph Smith | Mormon leader |
| Samuel Morse | Inventor of the telegraph and Morse code |
| Cyrus McCormic | Inventor of the mechanical reaper |
| William Garrison | Abolitionist and editor of The Liborator |
| Dorthea Dix | Worked reforming assylums |
| Horace Mann | Education reformer |
| Frederick Douglass | Freed slave who became and abolitionist |
| John Brown | Radical militant reformer |
| Dred Scott | Slave that unsuccessfully sued for his freedom |
| Abraham Lincoln | President during the Civil War |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederacy |
| Robert E. Lee | Confederate general |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union general; future president |
| Stonewall Jackson | Successful Confederate general |
| Clara Barton | Civil War battlefield nurse; started the Red Cross |
| John Wilkes Booth | Killed Lincoln |
| Andrew Johnson | Became President after Lincoln was killed; wanted the president to control Reconstruction |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | President that ended Reconstruction with the Compromise of 1877 |
| Andrew Carnegie | Robber baron who made his money with steel |
| J. P. Morgan | Helped form General Electric |
| John Rockefeller | Robber baron who made his money with oil |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Invented the telephone |
| Thomas Edison | Invented the light bulb, among other things |
| Henry Ford | Creator the Ford Motor Company and the Model T |
| Wright Brothers | Invented the modern aircraft |
| William Hearst | Owned more than 30 different newspaper companies |
| Susan B. Anthony | Worked for both civil rights and women's suffrage |
| Jane Addams | Founder of the settlement house movement |
| John Kellogg | Nutritionist who invented corn flakes |
| Teddy Roosevelt | President and leader of the Progressive movement |
| Upton Sinclair | Author of The Jungle |
| Woodrow Wilson | President during World War One |
| Booker T. Washington | One of the founders of the Tuskegee Institute |
| Mathew Perry | Instigated foreign relations between America and Japan |
| William Seward | Secretary of State; bought Alaska for America |
| Joseph Pulitzer | Started yellow journalism and founded the journalistic prize named after him |
| Samuel Clemons | Real name of Mark Twain |
| Charles Lindbergh | First to fly non stop across the Atlantic Ocean |
| Herbert Hoover | President that worsened the Great Depression |
| Franklin Roosevelt | President during the Depression and WWII |
| Dwight Eisenhower | Leader of the Allied forces in Europe and future president |
| Harry Truman | President that ended WWII by dropping the atomic bomb |
| Douglas MacArthur | Leader of the American forces in Asia |
| Stephen Douglas | Senator from Illinois, author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Freeport Doctrine, argues in favor of popular sovereignty |
| George Washington | Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Lived at Mount Vernon. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States. |
| John Jay | United States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829) |
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