| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Federalist | supporters of the constitution and of strong national government |
| Anti-Federalist | an opponent of a strong central government |
| Ratification | official approval of the Constitution or an amendment to the Constitution |
| Bill of Rights | 1st ten amendments of the Constitution |
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | established federal court system and a number of Supreme Court Justices |
| Alexander Hamilton | secretary of treasury, loose interpretation of Constitution |
| Thomas Jefferson | writer of Declaration of Independance, strict interpretation of the Constitution |
| Cabinet | group of Department heads who serve as the president's chief advisors |
| Bank of the United States | issued paper money, handled tax receipts, and other government funds |
| Democratic-Republican | political party; supporters of Thomas Jefferson and strong state governments; oppostition to Federalist party |
| Two-Party System | Political system nominated by two major parties |
| Protective Tariff | import tax on goods produced in Europe |
| War of 1812 | War against Great Britain; called for by War Hawks; fought at sea-war against Great Britain |
| Excise Tax | tax on product's manufacture, sale, or distribution |
| Whiskey Rebellion | Hamilton wanted to put an excise tax on whiskey; farmers revolted; Washington sent militia men to end rebellion |
| XYZ Affair | incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. Diplomats |
| neutrality | statement that U.S. would support neither side in conflict |
| Andrew Jackson | southern general; victorious in a lot of U.S. Battles, defeated alot of British soldiers without losing a lot of Americans |
| Treaty of Ghent | signed in 1814; declared an armistice |
| Armistice | end to fighting |
| Thomas Pinckney | Creator of Pinckney's Treaty |
| Pinckney's Treaty of 1795 | Spain gave up all claims to land east of the Mississippi |
| Little Turtle | Leader of Indian Tribe, won battle against General Harmar |
| John Jay | chief justice of Supreme Court, creator of Jay's Treaty |
| Jay's Treaty | acquired land west of the Appalachian Mountains |
| Sectionalism | placing the interest of one region over those of the nation as a whole |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | series of 4 laws enacted to reduce political power of recent immigrants to the U.S. |
| John Marshall | appointed by Adams as Supreme Court Justice; served for 30+ years; a Federalist |
| Nullification | states had the right to void any act of Congress that they deemed unconstitutional |
| Marbury vs. Madison | case in which Supreme court set up Judicial Review |
| Judicial Review | let the Supreme Courts declare an act of congress unconstitutional |
| Blockade | seal up ports; prevents ships from entering or leaving |
| Impressment | practice of seizing Americans at sea and drafting them to the British Navy |
| Embargo | A ban on exporting products to other countries |
| Judiciary Act of 1801 | increased number of judges to 16 |
| Louisiana Purchase | 1803; bought Louisiana through Missississippi River to the Rocky Mountains for 15 million dollars |
| Cotton Gin | Invented by Eli Whitney to increase production of cotton |
| Lewis and Clark | sent to explore new territory from the Louisiane Purchase |
| Whig Party | ended Federalism; opposed Andrew Jackson |
| Tariff of 1816 | designed to aid American Industries |
Combine with other sets
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