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Cornea Transparent tissue where light enters the eye Iris Muscle that expands and contracts to change the size of the opening for light Lens Focuses the light rays on the retina Retina Contains sensory receptors that process visual information and sends it to the brain Transduction conversion of sensory inputs to nerve impulses Accomdation The process by which the eye's lens changes shape to help focus near or far objects on the retina Cones Cell in the eye that process color Rods black/white only, lines form no color Fovea central point in the retina around which the eye's cones cluster, where vision is clearest Parallel processing processing of several aspects of stimulus simultaneously (color, depth, movement, form all at once) Loudness amount of energy in a wave, determined by amplitude of wave Hammer vibrates and hits the anvil Anvil anvil vibrates and hits stirrup Stirrup sits at oval window, sends from ear drum to oval window Oval window opening of cochlea Cochlea coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear that transforms sound vibrations to auditory signals Baislar membrane contains cilia or hair cells that are activated when we hear Vestibular sense sense of whole body balance or equilibrium Kinesthetic sense sense of body part position and movement Psychophysics a study of the relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience with them Place theory For high pitch, the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated Frequency theory For low pitch, the rate of nerve impulses traveling matches the frequency of tone Linear perspective A monocular cue, parallel lines appear to converge in the distance Relative size A monocular cue, two objects similar in size we perceive the one that casts a smaller retinal image to be farther Interposition A monocular cue, objects that block other objects ten to be perceived as closer Disparity A binocular cue, we compare the two retinal images created by our eyes, and we compute distance Sensory adaption After repeated exposure, and individual no longer attends to it Absolute threshold Minimum amount of stimulus you can detect at least 50% of the time Difference threshold The smallest difference between two stimuli which a subject can detect at least 50% of the time Weber's Law Two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion, not a constant amount, for a difference to be detected