Ch. 4 Human Geography: People & Places Vocabulary
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Created by:
Annie_Cotton on October 5, 2010
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 culture | the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization |
| society | an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization |
| ethnic group | people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture |
| innovation | the act of starting something for the first time |
| diffusion | the spread of social institutions (and myths and skills) from one society to another |
| cultural hearth | A center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward. |
| acculturation | the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture |
| dialect | the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people |
| religion | a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny |
| birthrate | number of live births per 1000 population in a given year |
| fertility rate | the average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime |
| mortality rate | the number of deaths per thousand people |
| infant mortality rate | The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country. |
| rate of natural increase | birth rate minus the death rate, suggesting the annual rate of population growth without considering net migration |
| population pyramid | A model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular population. |
| pull factor / push factor | a factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region, factor such as freedom or employment opportunities that attract a person to a country ------ factor, such as unemployment or the lack of freedom of speech, that makes people want to leave their country and move to another one |
| population density | a measurement of the number of people per given unit of land |
| carrying capacity | largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support |
| state | a politically organized body of people under a single government |
| nation | a politically organized body of people under a single government |
| nation state | A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality |
| democracy | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them |
| monarchy | state ruled over by a single person, as a king or queen |
| dictatorship | form of government in which the leader has absolute power and authority |
| communisum | an economic system based on a single party government ruled by a dictator |
| landlocked | surrounded entirely or almost entirely by land |
| urban geography | The study of how people use space in cities |
| city | people living in a large densely populated municipality |
| suburb | a residential district located on the outskirts of a city |
| metropolitan area | a major population center made up of a large city and the smaller suburbs and towns that surround it |
| urbanization | movement of people from rural areas to cities |
| central buisness district | The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge |
| economy | frugality in the expenditure of money or resources |
| economic system | the method used by a society to produce and distribute goods and services |
| command economy | An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy. |
| market economy | an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices |
| natural resources | resources (actual and potential) supplied by nature |
| infrastructure | the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area |
| per capita income | the total national income divided by the number of people in the nation |
| (GNP) Gross National Product | The total value of goods and services, including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year. |
| (GDP) Gross Domestic Product | the annual market value of all goods and services produced by all firms and organizations |
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