gov ch.3
About this set
Created by:
gayanek on October 5, 2010
Subjects:
u.s. government, dehart, chapter 3
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 article | 7 (main) divisions of the constitution |
| jurisdiction | authority (of the federal courts) |
| supremacy clause | statement in Article V of the Constitution which establishes it as "the supreme Law of the Land" |
| amendments | formal changes (third part of the Constitution) |
| federalism | system where power is divided between national and state governments |
| popular sovereignty | rule by the people |
| separation of powers | division/distribution of government responsibilities between the legislative, executive & judicial branches |
| checks and balances | each branch of government exercises some control over the others |
| veto | rejection of a bill (without question or intervention) |
| judicial review | power of courts to declare laws & any actions by local, state or national governments invalid, if they are unconstitutional |
| Marbury vs. Madison | Supreme Court case in 1803, established principal of/precedent for judicial review |
| expressed powers | powers directly stated in Constitution |
| enumerated powers | expressed powers of Congress (in Article I, Sec 8) that are itemized and numbered 1-18 |
| elastic clause | final enumerated power, gives Congress right to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers in other clauses of Art.I |
| federal bureaucracy | (all) executive branch employees |
| Commander In Chief of armed forces and state militias | when they are called into service - main power of the president |
| appoint heads of executive departments | with consent of Senate - main power of president |
| ability to pardon people convicted of federal crimes & reduce someone's jail sentence or fine | except in cases of impeachment - main power of president |
| ability to call Congress into special sessions | when necessary - main power of president |
| make treaties | w/ advice and consent of Senate - main power of president |
| appoints ambassadors, federal court judges & other top officials | with Senate consent - main power president |
| delivers annual State of the Union message to Congress | and sends Congress other messages from time to time - main power of president |
| meets w/ heads of state, ambassadors, and other foreign officials | main power of president |
| ensures that the laws Congress passes are "faithfully executed" | main power of president |
| commissions all military officers of the United States | main power of president |
| ratify | to approve |
| petition | to appeal |
| balanced budget | federal budget in which the government's spending never exceeds its income (but balanced doesn't mean surplus either) |
| impeach | to accuse of a public/federal official of misconduct while in office |
| treaty | an agreement between nations |
| executive argument | an agreement made directly between the heads of of state of two countries (doesn't require Senate approval) |
| judicial restraint | Supreme Court should avoid taking initiative on social and political questions |
| judicial activism | Supreme Court should play a role in shaping national policies (by addressing social and political issues) |
| method for proposing amendments | 2/3 vote of each house of Congress |
| second method for proposing amendments | national convention and 2/3 of the states must vote for it |
| method for ratifying amendments | legislature in at least 3/4 of states must approve |
| second method for ratifying amendments | each state calls a special ratifying convention, 3/4 of conventions must approve |
| prior restraints | gov censorship of info before its broadcasted or published |
| probable cause | police (or authority) must have reasonable basis to believe that a person (or place) is linked to a crime |
| search warrant | order signed by judge describing specific place to be searched or item(s) to be searched for |
| arrest warrant | order signed by judge naming an individual to be arrested for a specific reason |
| due process of law | government must follow proper constitutional in trials and any others actions it takes against an individual |
| eminent domain | power of gov to take private property for public use (in beneficial way) if provide just compensation |
| lame duck | outgoing official serving out remainder of term after resigning or losing election |
| poll tax | taxes to be paid before allowing one to vote |
| First Amendment establishments | freedom of religion, speech, the press, right to petition, assemble (Congress must not restrict these) |
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